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Connection options:
For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help" (for SQL
commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in the PostgreSQL
documentation.
Input and output options:
Output format options:
Parser: "%s"
Parser: "%s.%s" (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
--help show this help, then exit
--version output version information, then exit
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
execute command file as a single transaction
-A, --no-align unaligned table output mode
-E, --echo-hidden display queries that internal commands generate
-F, --field-separator=STRING
set field separator (default: "%s")
-H, --html HTML table output mode
-L, --log-file=FILENAME send session log to file
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] set printing option VAR to ARG (see \pset command)
-R, --record-separator=STRING
set record separator (default: newline)
-S, --single-line single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)
-T, --table-attr=TEXT set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)
-U, --username=USERNAME database user name (default: "%s")
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
-X, --no-psqlrc do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all echo all input from script
-c, --command=COMMAND run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit
-d, --dbname=DBNAME database name to connect to (default: "%s")
-e, --echo-queries echo commands sent to server
-f, --file=FILENAME execute commands from file, then exit
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory (default: "%s")
-l, --list list available databases, then exit
-n, --no-readline disable enhanced command line editing (readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME send query results to file (or |pipe)
-p, --port=PORT database server port (default: "%s")
-q, --quiet run quietly (no messages, only query output)
-s, --single-step single-step mode (confirm each query)
-t, --tuples-only print rows only
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
set psql variable NAME to VALUE
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-x, --expanded turn on expanded table output
\! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none
\H toggle HTML output mode (currently %s)
\T [STRING] set HTML tag attributes, or unset if none
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]
connect to new database (currently "%s")
\cd [DIR] change the current working directory
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
\dC [PATTERN] list casts
\dD[S] [PATTERN] list domains
\dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types
\d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences
\d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index
\da[+] [PATTERN] list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces
\dc[S] [PATTERN] list conversions
\dd[S] [PATTERN] show comments on objects
\des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers
\deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers
\df[antw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
\dg[+] [PATTERN] list roles (groups)
\di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes
\dl list large objects, same as \lo_list
\dn[+] [PATTERN] list schemas
\do[S] [PATTERN] list operators
\dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables
\du[+] [PATTERN] list roles (users)
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views
\e [FILE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
\echo [STRING] write string to standard output
\ef [FUNCNAME] edit function definition with external editor
\encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output
\g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands
\i FILE execute commands from file
\l[+] list all databases
\lo_export LOBOID FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID large object operations
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe
\p show the contents of the query buffer
\password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user
\prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable
\pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option
(NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\q quit psql
\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o)
\r reset (clear) the query buffer
\s [FILE] display history or save it to file
\set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
\t [on|off] show only rows (currently %s)
\timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently %s)
\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable
\w FILE write query buffer to file
\x [on|off] toggle expanded output (currently %s)
\z [PATTERN] same as \dp
psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]
as user "%s" at port "%s" on host "%s" %d connection %d connections %s %s (%s, server %s)
%s: %s
%s: cannot copy from/to a directory
%s: could not delete variable "%s"
%s: could not open log file "%s": %s
%s: could not set printing parameter "%s"
%s: could not set variable "%s"
%s: current transaction is aborted
%s: invalid encoding name or conversion procedure not found
%s: not connected to a database
%s: pg_strdup: cannot duplicate null pointer (internal error)
%s: unknown transaction status
%s: warning: extra command-line argument "%s" ignored
(%lu row) (%lu rows) (No rows)
***(Single step mode: verify command)*******************************************
%s
***(press return to proceed or enter x and return to cancel)********************
********* QUERY **********
%s
**************************
, clustered , invalid , predicate (%s) , tablespace "%s" ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DATABASE name SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER DATABASE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RESET ALL ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name
ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN name
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DOMAIN name
SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ]) ]
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
action [ ... ] [ RESTRICT ]
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
SET SCHEMA new_schema
where action is one of:
CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
[ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
COST execution_cost
ROWS result_rows
SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX name SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
ALTER INDEX name RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] ) ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method ADD
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name ( op_type, op_type )
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method DROP
{ OPERATOR strategy_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
| FUNCTION support_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO newowner ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE name RESET ALL ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ]
[ RESTART [ [ WITH ] restart ] ]
[ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER SEQUENCE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER SERVER servername [ VERSION 'newversion' ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ]
ALTER SERVER servername OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE name
SET SCHEMA new_schema
where action is one of:
ADD [ COLUMN ] column type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column [ SET DATA ] TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
DISABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name
ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name
DISABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE REPLICA RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE ALWAYS RULE rewrite_rule_name
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITH OIDS
SET WITHOUT OIDS
SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] )
INHERIT parent_table
NO INHERIT parent_table
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ADD MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
DROP MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR token_type [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
option [ = value ] [, ... ]
)
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER name RENAME TO newname ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name RENAME TO newname ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO newname ALTER TYPE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER TYPE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER USER name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER USER name RESET ALL ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER VIEW name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER VIEW name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER VIEW name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name OWNER TO new_owner ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ ( column [, ...] ) ] ] Access privileges Argument data types Asynchronous notification "%s" received from server process with PID %d.
Attributes Available help:
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Border style is %d.
CHECKPOINT CLOSE { name | ALL } CLUSTER [VERBOSE] tablename [ USING indexname ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] COMMENT ON
{
TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...] ) |
CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FUNCTION func_name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
ROLE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TABLESPACE object_name |
TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name
} IS 'text' COMMIT PREPARED transaction_id COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY data transfer failed: %s COPY tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY { tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ] | ( query ) }
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE name ( input_data_type [ , ... ] ) (
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
)
or the old syntax
CREATE AGGREGATE name (
BASETYPE = base_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
) CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH INOUT
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER event [ OR ... ]
ON table_name
[ FROM referenced_table_name ]
{ NOT DEFERRABLE | [ DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED } }
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] dbowner ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
[ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
[ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ]
[ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ] CREATE DOMAIN name [ AS ] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]
where constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) } CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method [ FAMILY family_name ] AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ]
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
| STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ] CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method CREATE OPERATOR name (
PROCEDURE = funcname
[, LEFTARG = lefttype ] [, RIGHTARG = righttype ]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
) CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE SCHEMA schemaname [ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SERVER servername [ TYPE 'servertype' ] [ VERSION 'serverversion' ]
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE TABLESPACE tablespacename [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory' CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name (
PARSER = parser_name |
COPY = source_config
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
TEMPLATE = template
[, option = value [, ... ]]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER name (
START = start_function ,
GETTOKEN = gettoken_function ,
END = end_function ,
LEXTYPES = lextypes_function
[, HEADLINE = headline_function ]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name (
[ INIT = init_function , ]
LEXIZE = lexize_function
) CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name AS ENUM
( 'label' [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[ , RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[ , SEND = send_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
[ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internallength | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[ , STORAGE = storage ]
[ , LIKE = like_type ]
[ , CATEGORY = category ]
[ , PREFERRED = preferred ]
[ , DEFAULT = default ]
[ , ELEMENT = element ]
[ , DELIMITER = delimiter ]
)
CREATE TYPE name CREATE USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [ , ... ] ) ] CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE [ DEFAULT ] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM funcname CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS rettype
| RETURNS TABLE ( colname coltype [, ...] ) ]
{ LANGUAGE langname
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| COST execution_cost
| ROWS result_rows
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ] CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) } CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
AS query CREATE [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR valfunction ] CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ] CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] )
[ WITH ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] ) ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
AS query
[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( [
{ column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES } ] ... }
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
where column_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
UNIQUE index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
and table_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
index_parameters in UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints are:
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] Cannot add cell to table content: total cell count of %d exceeded.
Cannot add header to table content: column count of %d exceeded.
Cannot login Check Check constraints: Collation Column Column access privileges Command: %s
Description: %s
Syntax:
%s
Composite type "%s.%s" Connection
Create DB Create role Ctype DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { name | ALL } DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias ]
[ USING usinglist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP } DROP AGGREGATE [ IF EXISTS ] name ( type [ , ... ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST [ IF EXISTS ] (sourcetype AS targettype) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] name DROP DOMAIN [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR [ IF EXISTS ] name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP ROLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP RULE [ IF EXISTS ] name ON relation [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] servername [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE [ IF EXISTS ] tablespacename DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC } SERVER servername DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Default footer is off. Default footer is on. Default? Description Destination Dictionaries Did not find any relation named "%s".
Did not find any relation with OID %s.
Did not find any text search configuration named "%s".
Did not find any text search parser named "%s".
Disabled rules: Disabled triggers: END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE name [ ( parameter [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement Elements Encoding End parse Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself. Enter it again: Enter new password: Expanded display is off.
Expanded display is on.
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname
where direction can be empty or one of:
NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL Failed.
Field separator is "%s".
Foreign-data wrapper Foreign-key constraints: Formatting
Function GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT role [, ...] TO rolename [, ...] [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ] General
General options:
Get headline Get next token Get token types Has OIDs ID INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Implicit? Index "%s.%s" Indexes: Informational
Inherits Init Init options Input/Output
Internal name Interrupted
Invalid command \%s. Try \? for help.
LISTEN name LOAD 'filename' LOCK [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [ * ] [, ...] [ IN lockmode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
where lockmode is one of:
ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE Language Large Objects
Large objects Left arg type Lexize List of aggregate functions List of casts List of conversions List of data types List of databases List of domains List of foreign servers List of foreign-data wrappers List of functions List of operators List of relations List of roles List of schemas List of tablespaces List of text search configurations List of text search dictionaries List of text search parsers List of text search templates List of user mappings Locale-adjusted numeric output is off. Location MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname Member of Method Modifier Modifiers NOTIFY name Name No changes No connections No help available for "%-.*s".
Try \h with no arguments to see available help.
No inheritance No matching relations found.
No relations found.
Null display is "%s".
Object Object descriptions Operating System
Options Output format is %s.
Owner PREPARE TRANSACTION transaction_id PREPARE name [ ( datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement Pager is always used. Pager is used for long output. Pager usage is off. Password encryption failed.
Password for user %s: Password: Passwords didn't match.
Previous connection kept
Query Buffer
Query buffer is empty. Query buffer reset (cleared). REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } name [ FORCE ] RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
role [, ...] FROM rolename [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ROLLBACK PREPARED transaction_id ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name Record separator is "%s".
Record separator is . Referenced by: Report bugs to .
Result data type Result type Right arg type Role name Rules firing always: Rules firing on replica only: Rules: SAVEPOINT savepoint_name SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE rolename
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION username
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SHOW name
SHOW ALL SSL connection (cipher: %s, bits: %i)
SSL connection (unknown cipher)
START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Schema Sequence "%s.%s" Server Showing locale-adjusted numeric output. Showing only tuples. Size Source Source code Source type Special relation "%s.%s" Start parse Storage Succeeded.
Superuser TOAST table "%s.%s" TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [ * ] [, ... ]
[ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Table Table "%s.%s" Table attribute is "%s".
Table attributes unset.
Tablespace Tablespace: "%s" Target type Target width for "wrapped" format is %d.
Template Text search configuration "%s" Text search configuration "%s.%s" Text search parser "%s" Text search parser "%s.%s" The connection to the server was lost. Attempting reset: The server (version %d.%d) does not support editing function source.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign servers.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign-data wrappers.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support full text search.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support savepoints for ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support tablespaces.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support user mappings.
Time: %.3f ms
Timing is off. Timing is on. Title is "%s".
Title is unset.
Token Token name Token types for parser "%s" Token types for parser "%s.%s" Triggers firing always: Triggers firing on replica only: Triggers: Try "%s --help" for more information.
Tuples only is off. Type Type "help" for help.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
UNLISTEN { name | * } UPDATE [ ONLY ] table [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias ]
SET { column = { expression | DEFAULT } |
( column [, ...] ) = ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
[ FROM fromlist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Usage:
Use "\q" to leave %s.
User name VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ table ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ] VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
[ ORDER BY sort_expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] Validator Value Variables
Version View "%s.%s" View definition: Volatility WARNING: %s version %d.%d, server version %d.%d.
Some psql features might not work.
WARNING: Console code page (%u) differs from Windows code page (%u)
8-bit characters might not work correctly. See psql reference
page "Notes for Windows users" for details.
Wrote history to file "%s/%s".
You are currently not connected to a database.
You are now connected to database "%s" You are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL. [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ] [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ]
where from_item can be one of:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]
and with_query is:
with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( select )
TABLE { [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] | with_query_name } \!: failed
\%s: could not change directory to "%s": %s
\%s: error
\%s: extra argument "%s" ignored
\%s: missing required argument
\connect: %s \copy: %s \copy: arguments required
\copy: parse error at "%s"
\copy: parse error at end of line
\copy: unexpected response (%d)
\df does not take a "w" option with server version %d.%d
\df only takes [antwS+] as options
\pset: allowed formats are unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, latex, troff-ms
\pset: unknown option: %s
abort the current transaction aborted because of read failure agg aggregate cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit canceled by user cannot locate temporary directory: %s
change a database change a database role change a run-time parameter change role name or membership change the definition of a conversion change the definition of a domain change the definition of a foreign server change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper change the definition of a function change the definition of a procedural language change the definition of a schema change the definition of a sequence generator change the definition of a table change the definition of a tablespace change the definition of a text search configuration change the definition of a text search dictionary change the definition of a text search parser change the definition of a text search template change the definition of a trigger change the definition of a type change the definition of a user mapping change the definition of a view change the definition of an aggregate function change the definition of an index change the definition of an operator change the definition of an operator class change the definition of an operator family change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role child process exited with exit code %d child process exited with unrecognized status %d child process was terminated by exception 0x%X child process was terminated by signal %d child process was terminated by signal %s close a cursor cluster a table according to an index collect statistics about a database commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit commit the current transaction compute a set of rows connection to server was lost
contains support for command-line editing copy data between a file and a table could not change directory to "%s" could not find a "%s" to execute could not get current user name: %s
could not get home directory: %s
could not identify current directory: %s could not open temporary file "%s": %s
could not read binary "%s" could not read from input file: %s
could not read symbolic link "%s" could not save history to file "%s": %s
could not start /bin/sh
could not start editor "%s"
could not write COPY data: %s
create a new database create new rows in a table data type deallocate a prepared statement default %s define a cursor define a new aggregate function define a new cast define a new constraint trigger define a new data type define a new database role define a new domain define a new encoding conversion define a new foreign server define a new foreign-data wrapper define a new function define a new index define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server define a new operator define a new operator class define a new operator family define a new procedural language define a new rewrite rule define a new savepoint within the current transaction define a new schema define a new sequence generator define a new table define a new table from the results of a query define a new tablespace define a new text search configuration define a new text search dictionary define a new text search parser define a new text search template define a new trigger define a new view define access privileges define or change the comment of an object delete rows of a table destroy a previously defined savepoint discard session state empty a table or set of tables execute a prepared statement for table "%s.%s" force a transaction log checkpoint function garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database generate a notification history is not supported by this installation
immutable in assignment index invalid binary "%s" invalid command \%s
invalid output format (internal error): %d listen for a notification load a shared library file local socket lock a table no no query buffer
normal not null off on operator out of memory
position a cursor prepare a statement for execution prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit primary key, psql is the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
rebuild indexes remove a cast remove a conversion remove a data type remove a database remove a database role remove a domain remove a foreign server descriptor remove a foreign-data wrapper remove a function remove a procedural language remove a rewrite rule remove a schema remove a sequence remove a table remove a tablespace remove a text search configuration remove a text search dictionary remove a text search parser remove a text search template remove a trigger remove a user mapping for a foreign server remove a view remove access privileges remove an aggregate function remove an index remove an operator remove an operator class remove an operator family remove database objects owned by a database role restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value retrieve rows from a query using a cursor retrieve rows from a table or view roll back to a savepoint rule sequence set constraint checking modes for the current transaction set the characteristics of the current transaction set the current user identifier of the current session set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session show the execution plan of a statement show the value of a run-time parameter special stable start a transaction block stop listening for a notification table trigger trying to exit copy mode unique, update rows of a table view volatile window yes Project-Id-Version: psql (PostgreSQL) 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2013-01-29 13:22+0000
PO-Revision-Date: 2013-01-23 11:20+0100
Last-Translator: Daniele Varrazzo
Language-Team: Gruppo traduzioni ITPUG
Language: it
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;
X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4
Opzioni di connessione:
Per maggiori informazioni digita "\?" (per comandi interni) oppure "\help"
per comandi SQL) da psql, oppure consultare la sezione psql nella
documentazione PostgreSQL.
Opzioni di input e output:
Opzioni formato output:
Analizzatore: "%s"
Analizzatore "%s.%s" (opzioni: S = mostra gli oggetti di sistema, + = dettagli addizionali)
--help mostra questo aiuto ed esci
--version mostra informazioni sulla versione ed esci
-1 ("uno"), --single-transaction
esegui il file di comandi in un'unica transazione
-A, --no-align modo output tabelle disallineato
-E, --echo-hidden mostra le query generate dai comandi interni
-F, --field-separator=STRINGA
imposta il separatore di campo (default: "%s")
-H, --html modo output tabelle in HTML
-L, --log-file=NOME_FILE invia log di sessione al file
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] imposta l'opzione di stampa VAR ad ARG (vedi anche
il comando \pset)
-R, --record-separator=STRINGA
imposta il separatore di record (default: nuova riga)
-S, --single-line modalità riga singola (la fine riga termina
il comando SQL)
-T, --table-attr=TESTO imposta gli attributi delle tabelle HTML
(es: larghezza, bordo)
-U, --username=UTENTE nome utente del database (default: "%s")
-W, --password forza la richiesta di una password (dovrebbe essere
automatico)
-X, --no-psqlrc non leggere il file di avvio (~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all mostra tutti gli input dallo script
-c, --command=COMANDO esegue solamente un comando singolo (SQL o interno)
e termina
-d, --dbname=NOMEDB specifica il nome del database a cui connettersi
(default: "%s")
-e, --echo-queries mostra i comandi inviati al server
-f, --file=NOME FILE esegui i comandi da un file ed esci
-h, --host=HOSTNAME host server del database o directory socket
(default: "%s")
-l --list elenca i database disponibili ed esci
-n, --no-readline disabilita la modifica avanzata della riga
di comando (readline)
-o, --output=NOME_FILE reindirizza i risultati al file specificato
(oppure |pipe)
-p, --port=PORTA porta di ascolto del database (default: "%s")
-q, --quiet esegui in modo silenzioso (nessun messaggio, solo
risultati query)
-s, --single-step modalità passo singolo (conferma ogni query)
-t, --tuples-only mostra solo le righe
-v, --set=, --veariable=NOME=VALORE
imposta la variabile psql NOME a VALORE
-w, --no-password non chiedere mai le password
-x, --expanded attiva output tabelle espanso
\! [COMANDO] esegui un comando in una shell oppure avvia una shell
interattiva
\C [STRINGA] imposta nome tabella oppure elimina se la stringa
non è specificata
\H cambia modalità HTML (attualmente %s)
\T [STRINGA] imposta gli attributi HTML di , se non
specificato allora annullali
\a alterna tra modalità di output allineata e disallineata
\c[onnect] [NOMEDB|- UTENTE|- HOST|- PORTA|-]
connetti ad un nuovo database (attualmente "%s")
\cd [DIRECTORY] cambia la directory di lavoro
\copy ... esegui una SQL COPY con flusso di dati dal client
\copyright mostra i termini di uso e distribuzione di PostgreSQL
\dC [MODELLO] elenca le conversioni di tipo
\dD[S] [MODELLO] elenca i domini
\dF[+] [MODELLO] elenca le configurazioni di ricerca testo
\dFd[+] [MODELLO] elenca i dizionari di ricerca testo
\dFp[+] [MODELLO] elenca gli analizzatori di ricerca testo
\dFt[+] [MODELLO] elenca i modelli di ricerca di testo
\dT[S+] [MODELLO] elenca i tipi di dato
\d[S+] elenca le tabelle, le viste e le sequenze
\d[S+] NOME descrive la tabella, vista, sequenza o indice
\da[+] [MODELLO] elenca le aggregazioni
\db[+] [MODELLO] elenca i tablespace
\dc[S] [MODELLO] elenca le conversioni di codifica
\dd[S] [MODELLO] mostra i commenti sugli oggetti
\des[+] [MODELLO] elenca i server esterni
\deu[+] [MODELLO] elenca le mappature degli utenti
\dew[+] [MODELLO] elenca i wrapper di dati esterni
\df[antw][S+] [MOD] elenca le funzioni [solo aggr/normali/trigger/finestra]
\dg[+] [MODELLO] elenca i ruoli (gruppi)
\di[S+] [MODELLO] elenca gli indici
\dl elenca i large object, stesso risultato di \lo_list
\dn[+] [MODELLO] elenca gli schemi
\do[S] [MODELLO] elenca gli operatori
\dp [MODELLO] elenca i permessi di accesso alla tabella, vista
o sequenza
\ds[S+] [MODELLO] elenca le sequenze
\dt[S+] [MODELLO] elenca le tabelle
\du[+] [MODELLO] elenca i ruoli (utenti)
\dv[S+] [MODELLO] elenca le viste
\e [FILE] modifica il buffer della query (o il file) con
l'editor esterno
\echo [STRINGA] stampa la stringa su standard output
\ef [FUNCNAME] modifica la definizione della funzione con l'editor
esterno
\encoding [CODIFICA] mostra o imposta la codifica del client
\f [STRINGA] mostra o imposta il separatore di campo per l'output
query disallineato
\g [FILE] o ; esegui la query (ed invia i risultati ad un file o
ad una |pipe)
\h [NOME] mostra aiuto sulla sintassi dei comandi SQL, * mostra
tutti i comandi
\i FILE esegui i comandi dal file
\l[+] elenca tutti i database
\lo_export LOBOID FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENTO]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID operazioni sui large object
\o [FILE] invia i risultati della query ad un file oppure
una |pipe
\p mostra i contenuti del buffer query
\password [UTENTE] cambia la password per un utente in sicurezza
\prompt [TESTO] NOME richiedi all'utente di impostare una variabile interna
\pset NOME [VALORE] imposta opzioni di output tabella
(NOME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\q esci da psql
\qecho [STRINGA] scrivi la stringa nello stream di output della query
(vedi \o)
\r reimposta (cancella) il buffer query
\s [FILE] mostra la cronologia salvala in un file
\set [NOME [VALORE]] imposta una variabile interna, oppure mostrale tutte
se non sono specificati parametri
\t [on|off] mostra solo le righe (attualmente %s)
\timing [on|off] imposta cronometro dei comandi
(attualmente %s)
\unset NOME cancella una variabile interna
\w FILE scrivi il buffer query su file
\x [on|off] cambia modalità output espansa
(attualmente %s)
\z [MODELLO] uguale a \dp
psql [OPZIONI]... [NOME DB [NOME UTENTE]]
come utente "%s" alla porta "%s" all'host "%s" %d connessione %d connessioni %s %s (%s, server %s)
%s: %s
%s: non è possibile copiare da/a una directory
%s: cancellazione della variabile "%s" fallita
%s: apertura del file di log "%s" fallita: %s
%s: impostazione del parametro di stampa "%s" fallito
%s: impostazione della variabile "%s" fallita
%s: questa transazione è stata interrotta
%s: nome codifica errato oppure non esiste una procedura di conversione
%s: non connesso ad un database
%s: pg_strdup: non è possibile duplicare un puntatore nullo (errore interno)
%s: stato della transazione sconosciuto
%s: attenzione: parametro in eccesso "%s" nella riga di comando ignorato
(%lu riga) (%lu righe) (Nessuna riga)
***(Modalità passo singolo: verifica comando)***********************************
%s
***(premi invio per procedere oppure digita x ed invio per annullare)***********
********* QUERY **********
%s
**************************
, raggruppato , non valido , predicato (%s) , tablespace "%s" ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
dove option può essere:
CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DATABASE name SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER DATABASE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RESET ALL ALTER DOMAIN nome
{ SET DEFAULT espressione | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN nome
{ SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN nome
ADD vincolo_di_dominio
ALTER DOMAIN nome
DROP CONSTRAINT nome_vincolo [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN nome
OWNER TO nuovo_proprietario
ALTER DOMAIN name
SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ]) ]
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
action [ ... ] [ RESTRICT ]
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
SET SCHEMA new_schema
dove action è una di:
CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
[ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
COST execution_cost
ROWS result_rows
SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX name SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
ALTER INDEX name RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] ) ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method ADD
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name ( op_type, op_type )
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method DROP
{ OPERATOR strategy_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
| FUNCTION support_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO newowner ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
dove option può essere:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE name RESET ALL ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ]
[ RESTART [ [ WITH ] restart ] ]
[ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER SEQUENCE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER SERVER servername [ VERSION 'newversion' ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ]
ALTER SERVER servername OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE name
SET SCHEMA new_schema
dove action è una di:
ADD [ COLUMN ] column type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column [ SET DATA ] TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
DISABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name
ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name
DISABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE REPLICA RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE ALWAYS RULE rewrite_rule_name
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITH OIDS
SET WITHOUT OIDS
SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] )
INHERIT parent_table
NO INHERIT parent_table
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ADD MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
DROP MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR token_type [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
option [ = value ] [, ... ]
)
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER name RENAME TO newname ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name RENAME TO newname ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO newname ALTER TYPE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER TYPE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
dove option può essere:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER USER name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER USER name RESET ALL ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER VIEW name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER VIEW name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER VIEW name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name OWNER TO new_owner ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ ( column [, ...] ) ] ] Privilegi di accesso Tipo dato dei parametri Notifica asincrona "%s" ricevuta dal processo server con PID %d.
Attributi Aiuti disponibili:
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
dove transaction_mode è una di:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Lo stile del bordo è %d.
CHECKPOINT CLOSE { name | ALL } CLUSTER [VERBOSE] tablename [ USING indexname ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] COMMENT ON
{
TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...] ) |
CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FUNCTION func_name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
ROLE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TABLESPACE object_name |
TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name
} IS 'text' COMMIT PREPARED transaction_id COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] trasferimento dei dati COPY fallito: %s COPY tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY { tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ] | ( query ) }
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE name ( input_data_type [ , ... ] ) (
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
)
o la vecchia sintassi
CREATE AGGREGATE name (
BASETYPE = base_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
) CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH INOUT
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER event [ OR ... ]
ON table_name
[ FROM referenced_table_name ]
{ NOT DEFERRABLE | [ DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED } }
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] dbowner ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
[ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
[ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ]
[ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ] CREATE DOMAIN name [ AS ] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]
dove constraint è:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) } CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
dove option può essere:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method [ FAMILY family_name ] AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ]
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
| STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ] CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method CREATE OPERATOR name (
PROCEDURE = funcname
[, LEFTARG = lefttype ] [, RIGHTARG = righttype ]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
) CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
dove option può essere:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE SCHEMA schemaname [ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SERVER servername [ TYPE 'servertype' ] [ VERSION 'serverversion' ]
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE TABLESPACE tablespacename [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory' CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name (
PARSER = parser_name |
COPY = source_config
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
TEMPLATE = template
[, option = value [, ... ]]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER name (
START = start_function ,
GETTOKEN = gettoken_function ,
END = end_function ,
LEXTYPES = lextypes_function
[, HEADLINE = headline_function ]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name (
[ INIT = init_function , ]
LEXIZE = lexize_function
) CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name AS ENUM
( 'label' [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[ , RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[ , SEND = send_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
[ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internallength | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[ , STORAGE = storage ]
[ , LIKE = like_type ]
[ , CATEGORY = category ]
[ , PREFERRED = preferred ]
[ , DEFAULT = default ]
[ , ELEMENT = element ]
[ , DELIMITER = delimiter ]
)
CREATE TYPE name CREATE USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [ , ... ] ) ] CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
dove option può essere:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE [ DEFAULT ] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM funcname CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS rettype
| RETURNS TABLE ( colname coltype [, ...] ) ]
{ LANGUAGE langname
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| COST execution_cost
| ROWS result_rows
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ] CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) } CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
AS query CREATE [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR valfunction ] CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ] CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] )
[ WITH ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] ) ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
AS query
[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( [
{ column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES } ] ... }
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
dove column_constraint è:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
UNIQUE index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
e table_constraint è:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
index_parameters in UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints are:
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] Non è possibile aggiungere celle al contenuto della tabella: il numero totale di celle %d è stato superato.
Non è possibile aggiungere l'intestazione al contenuto della tabella: il numero di colonne %d è stato superato.
Login non possibile Controllo Vincoli di controllo: Ordinamento Colonna Privilegi di accesso colonna Comando: %s
Descrizione: %s
Sintassi:
%s
Tipo composito "%s.%s" Connessione
Crea DB Crea ruoli Ctype DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { name | ALL } DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias ]
[ USING usinglist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP } DROP AGGREGATE [ IF EXISTS ] name ( type [ , ... ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST [ IF EXISTS ] (sourcetype AS targettype) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] name DROP DOMAIN [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR [ IF EXISTS ] name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP ROLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP RULE [ IF EXISTS ] name ON relation [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] servername [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE [ IF EXISTS ] tablespacename DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC } SERVER servername DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Piè di pagina disattivato. Piè di pagina attivato. Predefinito? Descrizione Destinazione Dizionari Non ho trovato alcuna relazione di nome "%s".
Non ho trovato nessuna relazione con OID %s.
Non trovata alcuna configurazione di ricerca testo chiamata "%s".
Non ho trovato alcun analizzatore di ricerca testo chiamato "%s".
Regole disabilitate: Trigger disabilitati: END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE name [ ( parameter [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement Elementi Codifica Fine analisi Inserire i dati da copiare seguiti da un "a capo".
Terminare con un backslash ed un punto su una singola riga. Conferma password: Inserire la nuova password: Visualizzazione espansa disattivata.
Visualizzazione espansa attivata.
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname
dove direction può essere vuota o una di:
NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL Fallito.
Il separatore di campi è "%s".
Wrapper per dati esterni Vincoli di integrità referenziale Formattazione
Funzione GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT role [, ...] TO rolename [, ...] [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ] Generali
Opzioni generali:
Ottiene intestazione Ottiene il token successivo Ottieni i tipi token Ha gli OID ID INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Implicito? Indice "%s.%s" Indici: Informativi
Eredita Init Opzioni iniziali: Input/Output
Nome interno Interrotto
Comando errato \%s. Prova \? per la guida.
LISTEN name LOAD 'filename' LOCK [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [ * ] [, ...] [ IN lockmode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
dove lockmode è una di:
ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE Linguaggio Large Object
Large object Argomento sinistro Lexize Lista delle funzione aggregate Lista delle conversioni di tipo Lista delle conversioni Lista dei tipi di dati Lista dei database Lista dei domini Lista dei server esterni Lista dei wrapper di dati esterni Lista delle funzioni Lista degli operatori Lista delle relazioni Lista dei ruoli Lista degli schemi Lista dei tablespace Lista delle configurazioni di ricerca testo Lista dei dizionari di ricerca testo Lista degli analizzatori di ricerca resto Lista dei modelli di ricerca testo Lista delle mappature degli utenti Correzione dell'output numerico secondo il locale disattivata. Posizione MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname Membro di Metodo Modificatore Modificatori NOTIFY name Nome Nessuna modifica Niente connessioni Nessun aiuto disponibile per "%-.*s".
Prova \h senza argomenti per vedere gli aiuti disponibili.
Nessuna ereditarietà Nessuna relazione corrispondente trovata.
Nessuna relazione trovata.
La visualizzazione dei Null è "%s".
Oggetto Descrizioni oggetti Sistema operativo
Opzioni Il formato output è %s.
Proprietario PREPARE TRANSACTION transaction_id PREPARE name [ ( datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement Paginazione sempre attiva. Usa la paginazione per risultati estesi. Paginazione disattivata. Criptazione password fallita.
Inserisci la password per l'utente %s: Password: Le password non corrispondono.
Connessione precedente mantenuta
Buffer Query
Il buffer query è vuoto. Buffer query resettato (svuotato). REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } name [ FORCE ] RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
role [, ...] FROM rolename [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ROLLBACK PREPARED transaction_id ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name Il separatore di record è "%s".
Il separatore di record è . Referenziato da: Puoi segnalare eventuali bug a .
Tipo dato del risultato Tipo di risultato Argomento destro Nome ruolo Regole sempre abilitate: Regole abilitate solo su replica: Regole: SAVEPOINT savepoint_name SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
dove transaction_mode è una di:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE rolename
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION username
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SHOW name
SHOW ALL connessione SSL (cifratura: %s, bit: %i)
connessione SSL (codice sconosciuto)
START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
dove transaction_mode è una di:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Schema Sequenza "%s.%s" Server L'output numerico visualizzato è corretto secondo il locale. Visualizzazione esclusiva dati attivata. Dimensione Sorgente Codice sorgente Tipo di partenza relazione speciale "%s.%s" Inizio analisi Memorizzazione Riuscito.
Superutente Tabella TOAST "%s.%s" TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [ * ] [, ... ]
[ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Tabella Tabella "%s.%s" L'attributo tabella è "%s".
Attributi tabelle non specificati.
Tablespace Tablespace: "%s" Tipo di arrivo La larghezza di destinazione per il formato "wrapped" è %d.
Modello Configurazione di ricerca testo "%s" Configurazione di ricerca testo "%s.%s" Analizzatore di ricerca testo "%s" Analizzatore di ricerca teso "%s.%s" Connessione al server persa. Tentativo di reset: Il server (versione %d.%d) non supporta la modifica dei sorgenti delle funzioni.
Il server (versione %d.%d) non supporta server esterni.
Il server (versione %d.%d) non supporta i wrapper di dati esterni.
Il server (versione %d.%d) non supporta la ricerca full text.
Questa versione (%d.%d) del server non supporta savepoint per ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK..
Il server (versione %d.%d) non supporta i tablespace.
IL server (versione %d.%d) non supporta la mappatura di utenti.
Tempo: %.3f ms
Controllo tempo disattivato. Controllo tempo attivato Il titolo è "%s".
Titolo non assegnato.
Token Nome token Tipi token per l'analizzatore "%s" Tipi token per l'analizzatore "%s.%s" Trigger sempre abilitati: Trigger abilitati solo su replica. Trigger: Prova "%s --help" per maggiori informazioni.
Visualizzazione esclusiva dati disattivata. Tipo Digita "help" per avere un aiuto.
Digita: \copyright per le condizioni di distribuzione
\h per la guida sui comandi SQL
\? per la guida sui comandi psql
\g o termina con punto e virgola per eseguire la query
\q per uscire
UNLISTEN { name | * } UPDATE [ ONLY ] table [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias ]
SET { column = { expression | DEFAULT } |
( column [, ...] ) = ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
[ FROM fromlist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Utilizzo:
Utilizza "\q" per uscire %s.
Nome utente VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ table ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ] VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
[ ORDER BY sort_expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] Validatore Valore Variabili
Versione Vista "%s.%s" Definizione vista: Volatilità ATTENZIONE: versione %s %d.%d, versione server %d.%d.
Alcune caratteristiche di psql potrebbero non funzionare.
ATTENZIONE: Il code page della console (%u) differisce dal code page
di Windows (%u). I caratteri a 8-bit potrebbero non
funzionare correttamente. Vedi le pagine di riferimento
psql "Note per utenti Windows" per i dettagli.
Salvata cronologia nel file "%s/%s".
Al momento non sei connesso ad un database.
Sei ora connesso al database "%s" Stai utilizzando psql, l'interfaccia a riga di comando di PostgreSQL. [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ] [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ]
dove from_item può essere uno di:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]
e with_query è:
with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( select )
TABLE { [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] | with_query_name } \!: fallita
\%s: spostamento della directory a "%s" fallito: %s
\%s: errore
\%s: parametro in eccesso "%s" ignorato
\%s: parametro richiesto mancante
\connect: %s \copy: %s \copy: parametri richiesti
\copy: errore di sintassi a "%s"
\copy: errore di sintassi a fine riga
\copy: risposta imprevista (%d)
\df non accetta un'opzione "w" con la versione del server %d.%d
\df accetta come opzione solo [antwS+]
\pset: i formati disponibili sono unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, latex, troff-ms
\pset: opzione sconosciuta: %s
annulla la transazione corrente interrotto a causa di lettura non riuscita aggr aggregato annulla una transazione che era stata preparata per un commit a due fasi annullata dall'utente non è stato possibile trovare la directory temporanea: %s
cambia un database cambia un ruolo di database modifica un parametro di esecuzione cambia il nome del ruolo o l'appartenenza cambia la definizione di una conversione cambia la definizione di un dominio cambia la definizione di un server esterno cambia la definizione di un wrapper di dati esterni cambia la definizione di una funzione cambia la definizione di un linguaggio procedurale cambia la definizione di uno schema cambia la definizione di un generatore di sequenza cambia la definizione di una tabella cambia la definizione di un tablespace cambia la definizione di una configurazione di ricerca testo cambia la definizione di un dizionario di ricerca testo cambia la definizione di un analizzatore di ricerca testo cambia la definizione di un modello di ricerca testo cambia la definizione di un trigger cambia la definizione di un tipo di dato cambia la definizione di una mappatura degli cambia la definizione di una vista cambia la definizione di una funzione di aggregazione cambia la definizione di un indice cambia la definizione di un operatore cambia la definizione di una classe di operatori cambia la definizione di una famiglia di operatori cambia il proprietario degli oggetti del database posseduti da un ruolo processo figlio uscito con codice di uscita %d processo figlio uscito con stato non riconosciuto %d processo figlio terminato da eccezione 0x%X processo figlio terminato da segnale %d processo figlio terminato da segnale %s chiudi un cursore raggruppa una tabella in base ad un indice raccogli statistiche sul database concludi transazione che è stata precedentemente preparata per un commit a due fasi rendi persistente la transazione corrente genera una sequenza di righe connessione al server persa
include il supporto per l'editing della riga di comando copia i dati tra un file ed una tabella spostamento nella directory "%s" fallito programma "%s" da eseguire non trovato non è stato possibile determinare il nome utente: %s
directory home non trovata: %s
identificazione della directory corrente fallita: %s apertura del file temporaneo "%s" fallita: %s
lettura del binario "%s" fallita lettura dal file di input fallita: %s
lettura del link simbolico "%s" fallita salvataggio della cronologia nel file "%s" fallita: %s
avvio di /bin/sh fallito
avvio dell'editor "%s" fallito
scrittura dei dati COPY fallita: %s
crea un nuovo database crea nuove righe in una tabella tipo_di_dato dealloca una istruzione preparata preimpostato %s definisci un cursore definisci una nuova funzione aggregata definisci una nuova conversione di tipi definisci un nuovo trigger di vincolo definisci un nuovo tipo di dato definisci un nuovo ruolo database definisci un nuovo dominio definisci una nuova conversione di codifica definisci un nuovo server esterno definisci un nuovo wrapper di dati esterni definisci una nuova funzione crea un nuovo indice definisci una nuova mappatura di un utente ad un server esterno definisci un nuovo operatore definisci una nuova classe di operatori definisci una nuova famiglia operatore definisci un nuovo linguaggio procedurale definisci una nuova regola di riscrittura definisci un nuovo punto di salvataggio per la transazione corrente crea un nuovo schema definisci un nuovo generatore di sequenze crea una nuova tabella crea una nuova tabella dai risultati di una query crea un nuovo tablespace definisci una nuova configurazione di ricerca testo definisci un nuovo dizionario di ricerca testo definisci un nuovo analizzatore di ricerca testo definisci un nuovo modello di ricerca testo definisci un nuovo trigger definisci una nuova vista definisci i privilegi di accesso definisci o modifica il commento di un oggetto elimina le righe di una tabella distruggi un punto di salvataggio precedentemente definito cancella lo stato della sessione svuota una tabella o una lista di tabelle esegui una istruzione preparata per la tabella "%s.%s" forza un punto di controllo nel log delle transazioni funzione pulisci ed eventualmente analizza il database genera una notifica history non è supportata da questa installazione
immutabile in assegnazione indice binario non valido "%s" comando errato \%s
il formato di output non è valido (errore interno): %d attendi l'arrivo di notifiche carica un file di libreria condivisa sockect locale blocca una tabella no Nessun buffer query
normale not null disattivato attivato operatore memoria esaurita
posiziona un cursore prepara una istruzione per l'esecuzione prepara la transazione corrente per un commit a due fasi chiave primaria, psql è il terminale interattivo per PostgreSQL.
ricostruisci indici elimina una conversione di tipi elimina una conversione elimina un tipo di dato elimina un database elimina un ruolo di database elimina un dominio elimina una descrizione server esterno elimina un wrapper di dati esterni elimina una funzione elimina un linguaggio procedurale elimina una regola di riscrittura elimina uno schema elimina una sequenza elimina una tabella elimina un tablespace elimina una configurazione di ricerca testo elimina un dizionario di ricerca testo elimina un analizzatore di ricerca testo elimina un modello di ricerca testo elimina un trigger elimina la mappatura degli utenti per un server esterno elimina una vista elimina i privilegi di accesso elimina una funzione aggregata elimina un indice elimina un operatore elimina una classe di operatori elimina una famiglia operatore elimina gli oggetti database di proprietà di un ruolo di database ripristina un parametro di esecuzione al suo valore di predefinito estrai delle righe da una query utilizzando un cursore estrai righe da una tabella o una vista annulla le modifiche fino a un punto di salvataggio regola sequenza imposta la modalità di controllo dei vincoli per la transazione corrente imposta le caratteristiche della transazione corrente imposta l'identificativo utente della sessione corrente imposta l'identificazione utente della sessione e l'identificazione utente corrente della sessione corrente mostra il piano di esecuzione di una istruzione mostra il valore di un parametro di esecuzione speciale stabile avvia un blocco di transazione termina l'attesa di notifiche tabella trigger tentativo di uscita dalla modalità copy univoco, modifica le righe di una tabella vista volatile finestra sì