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Connection options:
For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help" (for SQL
commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in the PostgreSQL
documentation.
Input and output options:
Output format options:
Parser: "%s"
Parser: "%s.%s" (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
--help show this help, then exit
--version output version information, then exit
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
execute command file as a single transaction
-A, --no-align unaligned table output mode
-E, --echo-hidden display queries that internal commands generate
-F, --field-separator=STRING
set field separator (default: "%s")
-H, --html HTML table output mode
-L, --log-file=FILENAME send session log to file
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] set printing option VAR to ARG (see \pset command)
-R, --record-separator=STRING
set record separator (default: newline)
-S, --single-line single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)
-T, --table-attr=TEXT set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)
-U, --username=USERNAME database user name (default: "%s")
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
-X, --no-psqlrc do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all echo all input from script
-c, --command=COMMAND run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit
-d, --dbname=DBNAME database name to connect to (default: "%s")
-e, --echo-queries echo commands sent to server
-f, --file=FILENAME execute commands from file, then exit
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory (default: "%s")
-l, --list list available databases, then exit
-n, --no-readline disable enhanced command line editing (readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME send query results to file (or |pipe)
-p, --port=PORT database server port (default: "%s")
-q, --quiet run quietly (no messages, only query output)
-s, --single-step single-step mode (confirm each query)
-t, --tuples-only print rows only
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
set psql variable NAME to VALUE
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-x, --expanded turn on expanded table output
\! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none
\H toggle HTML output mode (currently %s)
\T [STRING] set HTML tag attributes, or unset if none
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]
connect to new database (currently "%s")
\cd [DIR] change the current working directory
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
\dC [PATTERN] list casts
\dD[S] [PATTERN] list domains
\dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types
\d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences
\d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index
\da[+] [PATTERN] list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces
\dc[S] [PATTERN] list conversions
\dd[S] [PATTERN] show comments on objects
\des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers
\deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers
\df[antw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
\dg[+] [PATTERN] list roles (groups)
\di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes
\dl list large objects, same as \lo_list
\dn[+] [PATTERN] list schemas
\do[S] [PATTERN] list operators
\dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables
\du[+] [PATTERN] list roles (users)
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views
\e [FILE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
\echo [STRING] write string to standard output
\ef [FUNCNAME] edit function definition with external editor
\encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output
\g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands
\i FILE execute commands from file
\l[+] list all databases
\lo_export LOBOID FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID large object operations
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe
\p show the contents of the query buffer
\password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user
\prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable
\pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option
(NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\q quit psql
\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o)
\r reset (clear) the query buffer
\s [FILE] display history or save it to file
\set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
\t [on|off] show only rows (currently %s)
\timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently %s)
\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable
\w FILE write query buffer to file
\x [on|off] toggle expanded output (currently %s)
\z [PATTERN] same as \dp
psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]
as user "%s" at port "%s" on host "%s" %d connection %d connections %s %s (%s, server %s)
%s: %s
%s: cannot copy from/to a directory
%s: could not delete variable "%s"
%s: could not open log file "%s": %s
%s: could not set printing parameter "%s"
%s: could not set variable "%s"
%s: current transaction is aborted
%s: invalid encoding name or conversion procedure not found
%s: not connected to a database
%s: pg_strdup: cannot duplicate null pointer (internal error)
%s: unknown transaction status
%s: warning: extra command-line argument "%s" ignored
(%lu row) (%lu rows) (No rows)
***(Single step mode: verify command)*******************************************
%s
***(press return to proceed or enter x and return to cancel)********************
********* QUERY **********
%s
**************************
, clustered , invalid , predicate (%s) , tablespace "%s" ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DATABASE name SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER DATABASE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RESET ALL ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name
ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN name
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DOMAIN name
SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ]) ]
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
action [ ... ] [ RESTRICT ]
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
SET SCHEMA new_schema
where action is one of:
CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
[ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
COST execution_cost
ROWS result_rows
SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX name SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
ALTER INDEX name RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] ) ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method ADD
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name ( op_type, op_type )
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method DROP
{ OPERATOR strategy_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
| FUNCTION support_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO newowner ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE name RESET ALL ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ]
[ RESTART [ [ WITH ] restart ] ]
[ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER SEQUENCE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER SERVER servername [ VERSION 'newversion' ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ]
ALTER SERVER servername OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE name
SET SCHEMA new_schema
where action is one of:
ADD [ COLUMN ] column type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column [ SET DATA ] TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
DISABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name
ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name
DISABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE REPLICA RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE ALWAYS RULE rewrite_rule_name
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITH OIDS
SET WITHOUT OIDS
SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] )
INHERIT parent_table
NO INHERIT parent_table
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ADD MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
DROP MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR token_type [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
option [ = value ] [, ... ]
)
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER name RENAME TO newname ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name RENAME TO newname ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO newname ALTER TYPE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER TYPE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER USER name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER USER name RESET ALL ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER VIEW name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER VIEW name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER VIEW name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name OWNER TO new_owner ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ ( column [, ...] ) ] ] Access privileges Argument data types Asynchronous notification "%s" received from server process with PID %d.
Attributes Available help:
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Border style is %d.
CHECKPOINT CLOSE { name | ALL } CLUSTER [VERBOSE] tablename [ USING indexname ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] COMMENT ON
{
TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...] ) |
CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FUNCTION func_name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
ROLE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TABLESPACE object_name |
TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name
} IS 'text' COMMIT PREPARED transaction_id COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY data transfer failed: %s COPY tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY { tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ] | ( query ) }
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE name ( input_data_type [ , ... ] ) (
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
)
or the old syntax
CREATE AGGREGATE name (
BASETYPE = base_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
) CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH INOUT
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER event [ OR ... ]
ON table_name
[ FROM referenced_table_name ]
{ NOT DEFERRABLE | [ DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED } }
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] dbowner ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
[ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
[ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ]
[ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ] CREATE DOMAIN name [ AS ] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]
where constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) } CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method [ FAMILY family_name ] AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ]
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
| STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ] CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method CREATE OPERATOR name (
PROCEDURE = funcname
[, LEFTARG = lefttype ] [, RIGHTARG = righttype ]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
) CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE SCHEMA schemaname [ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SERVER servername [ TYPE 'servertype' ] [ VERSION 'serverversion' ]
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE TABLESPACE tablespacename [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory' CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name (
PARSER = parser_name |
COPY = source_config
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
TEMPLATE = template
[, option = value [, ... ]]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER name (
START = start_function ,
GETTOKEN = gettoken_function ,
END = end_function ,
LEXTYPES = lextypes_function
[, HEADLINE = headline_function ]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name (
[ INIT = init_function , ]
LEXIZE = lexize_function
) CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name AS ENUM
( 'label' [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[ , RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[ , SEND = send_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
[ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internallength | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[ , STORAGE = storage ]
[ , LIKE = like_type ]
[ , CATEGORY = category ]
[ , PREFERRED = preferred ]
[ , DEFAULT = default ]
[ , ELEMENT = element ]
[ , DELIMITER = delimiter ]
)
CREATE TYPE name CREATE USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [ , ... ] ) ] CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE [ DEFAULT ] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM funcname CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS rettype
| RETURNS TABLE ( colname coltype [, ...] ) ]
{ LANGUAGE langname
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| COST execution_cost
| ROWS result_rows
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ] CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) } CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
AS query CREATE [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR valfunction ] CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ] CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] )
[ WITH ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] ) ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
AS query
[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( [
{ column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES } ] ... }
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
where column_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
UNIQUE index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
and table_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
index_parameters in UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints are:
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] Cannot add cell to table content: total cell count of %d exceeded.
Cannot add header to table content: column count of %d exceeded.
Cannot login Check Check constraints: Collation Column Column access privileges Command: %s
Description: %s
Syntax:
%s
Composite type "%s.%s" Connection
Create DB Create role Ctype DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { name | ALL } DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ [ AS ] alias ]
[ USING usinglist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP } DROP AGGREGATE [ IF EXISTS ] name ( type [ , ... ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST [ IF EXISTS ] (sourcetype AS targettype) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] name DROP DOMAIN [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR [ IF EXISTS ] name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP ROLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP RULE [ IF EXISTS ] name ON relation [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] servername [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE [ IF EXISTS ] tablespacename DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC } SERVER servername DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Default footer is off. Default footer is on. Default? Description Destination Dictionaries Did not find any relation named "%s".
Did not find any relation with OID %s.
Did not find any text search configuration named "%s".
Did not find any text search parser named "%s".
Disabled rules: Disabled triggers: END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE name [ ( parameter [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement Elements Encoding End parse Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself. Enter it again: Enter new password: Expanded display is off.
Expanded display is on.
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname
where direction can be empty or one of:
NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL Failed.
Field separator is "%s".
Foreign-data wrapper Foreign-key constraints: Formatting
Function GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT role [, ...] TO rolename [, ...] [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ] General
General options:
Get headline Get next token Get token types Has OIDs ID INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Implicit? Index "%s.%s" Indexes: Informational
Inherits Init Init options Input/Output
Internal name Interrupted
Invalid command \%s. Try \? for help.
LISTEN name LOAD 'filename' LOCK [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ...] [ IN lockmode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
where lockmode is one of:
ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE Language Large Objects
Large objects Left arg type Lexize List of aggregate functions List of casts List of conversions List of data types List of databases List of domains List of foreign servers List of foreign-data wrappers List of functions List of operators List of relations List of roles List of schemas List of tablespaces List of text search configurations List of text search dictionaries List of text search parsers List of text search templates List of user mappings Locale-adjusted numeric output is off. Location MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname Member of Method Modifier Modifiers NOTIFY name Name No changes No connections No help available for "%-.*s".
Try \h with no arguments to see available help.
No inheritance No matching relations found.
No relations found.
Null display is "%s".
Object Object descriptions Operating System
Options Output format is %s.
Owner PREPARE TRANSACTION transaction_id PREPARE name [ ( datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement Pager is always used. Pager is used for long output. Pager usage is off. Password encryption failed.
Password for user %s: Password: Passwords didn't match.
Previous connection kept
Query Buffer
Query buffer is empty. Query buffer reset (cleared). REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } name [ FORCE ] RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
role [, ...] FROM rolename [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ROLLBACK PREPARED transaction_id ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name Record separator is "%s".
Record separator is . Referenced by: Report bugs to .
Result data type Result type Right arg type Role name Rules firing always: Rules firing on replica only: Rules: SAVEPOINT savepoint_name SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE rolename
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION username
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SHOW name
SHOW ALL SSL connection (cipher: %s, bits: %i)
SSL connection (unknown cipher)
START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Schema Sequence "%s.%s" Server Showing locale-adjusted numeric output. Showing only tuples. Size Source Source code Source type Special relation "%s.%s" Start parse Storage Succeeded.
Superuser TOAST table "%s.%s" TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ... ]
[ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Table Table "%s.%s" Table attribute is "%s".
Table attributes unset.
Tablespace Tablespace: "%s" Target type Target width for "wrapped" format is %d.
Template Text search configuration "%s" Text search configuration "%s.%s" Text search parser "%s" Text search parser "%s.%s" The connection to the server was lost. Attempting reset: The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign servers.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign-data wrappers.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support full text search.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support savepoints for ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support tablespaces.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support user mappings.
Time: %.3f ms
Timing is off. Timing is on. Title is "%s".
Title is unset.
Token Token name Token types for parser "%s" Token types for parser "%s.%s" Triggers firing always: Triggers firing on replica only: Triggers: Try "%s --help" for more information.
Tuples only is off. Type Type "help" for help.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
UNLISTEN { name | * } UPDATE [ ONLY ] table [ [ AS ] alias ]
SET { column = { expression | DEFAULT } |
( column [, ...] ) = ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
[ FROM fromlist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Usage:
Use "\q" to leave %s.
User name VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ table ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ] VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
[ ORDER BY sort_expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] Validator Value Variables
Version View "%s.%s" View definition: Volatility WARNING: %s version %d.%d, server version %d.%d.
Some psql features might not work.
WARNING: Console code page (%u) differs from Windows code page (%u)
8-bit characters might not work correctly. See psql reference
page "Notes for Windows users" for details.
Wrote history to file "%s/%s".
You are currently not connected to a database.
You are now connected to database "%s" You are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL. [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ] [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ]
where from_item can be one of:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]
and with_query is:
with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( select )
TABLE { [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] | with_query_name } \!: failed
\%s: could not change directory to "%s": %s
\%s: error
\%s: extra argument "%s" ignored
\%s: missing required argument
\connect: %s \copy: %s \copy: arguments required
\copy: parse error at "%s"
\copy: parse error at end of line
\copy: unexpected response (%d)
\df does not take a "w" option with server version %d.%d
\df only takes [antwS+] as options
\pset: allowed formats are unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, latex, troff-ms
\pset: unknown option: %s
abort the current transaction aborted because of read failure agg aggregate cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit canceled by user cannot locate temporary directory: %s change a database change a database role change a run-time parameter change role name or membership change the definition of a conversion change the definition of a domain change the definition of a foreign server change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper change the definition of a function change the definition of a procedural language change the definition of a schema change the definition of a sequence generator change the definition of a table change the definition of a tablespace change the definition of a text search configuration change the definition of a text search dictionary change the definition of a text search parser change the definition of a text search template change the definition of a trigger change the definition of a type change the definition of a user mapping change the definition of a view change the definition of an aggregate function change the definition of an index change the definition of an operator change the definition of an operator class change the definition of an operator family change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role child process exited with exit code %d child process exited with unrecognized status %d child process was terminated by exception 0x%X child process was terminated by signal %d child process was terminated by signal %s close a cursor cluster a table according to an index collect statistics about a database commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit commit the current transaction compute a set of rows connection to server was lost
contains support for command-line editing copy data between a file and a table could not change directory to "%s" could not find a "%s" to execute could not get current user name: %s
could not get home directory: %s
could not identify current directory: %s could not open temporary file "%s": %s
could not read binary "%s" could not read from input file: %s
could not read symbolic link "%s" could not save history to file "%s": %s
could not start /bin/sh
could not start editor "%s"
could not write COPY data: %s
create a new database create new rows in a table data type deallocate a prepared statement default %s define a cursor define a new aggregate function define a new cast define a new constraint trigger define a new data type define a new database role define a new domain define a new encoding conversion define a new foreign server define a new foreign-data wrapper define a new function define a new index define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server define a new operator define a new operator class define a new operator family define a new procedural language define a new rewrite rule define a new savepoint within the current transaction define a new schema define a new sequence generator define a new table define a new table from the results of a query define a new tablespace define a new text search configuration define a new text search dictionary define a new text search parser define a new text search template define a new trigger define a new view define access privileges define or change the comment of an object delete rows of a table destroy a previously defined savepoint discard session state empty a table or set of tables execute a prepared statement for table "%s.%s" force a transaction log checkpoint function garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database generate a notification history is not supported by this installation
immutable in assignment index invalid binary "%s" invalid command \%s
invalid output format (internal error): %d listen for a notification load a shared library file local socket lock a table no no query buffer
normal not null off on operator out of memory out of memory
position a cursor prepare a statement for execution prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit primary key, psql is the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
rebuild indexes remove a cast remove a conversion remove a data type remove a database remove a database role remove a domain remove a foreign server descriptor remove a foreign-data wrapper remove a function remove a procedural language remove a rewrite rule remove a schema remove a sequence remove a table remove a tablespace remove a text search configuration remove a text search dictionary remove a text search parser remove a text search template remove a trigger remove a user mapping for a foreign server remove a view remove access privileges remove an aggregate function remove an index remove an operator remove an operator class remove an operator family remove database objects owned by a database role restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value retrieve rows from a query using a cursor retrieve rows from a table or view roll back to a savepoint rule sequence set constraint checking modes for the current transaction set the characteristics of the current transaction set the current user identifier of the current session set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session show the execution plan of a statement show the value of a run-time parameter special stable start a transaction block stop listening for a notification table trigger trying to exit copy mode unique, update rows of a table view volatile window yes Project-Id-Version: psql (PostgreSQL 8.4)
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-10-01 14:53+0000
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-03-30 16:37+0800
Last-Translator: Weibin
Language-Team: Chinese (Simplified)
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联接选项:
更多信息，请在psql中输入"\?"(用于内部指令)或者 "\help"(用于SQL命令)，
或者参考PostgreSQL文档中的psql章节.
输入和输出选项：
输出格式选项 :
剖析器："%s"
剖析器："%s.%s" (选项: S = 显示系统对象, + = 其余的详细信息)
--help 显示此帮助信息, 然后退出
--version 输出版本信息, 然后退出
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
作为一个单一事务来执行命令文件
-A, --no-align 使用非对齐表格输出模式
-E, --echo-hidden 显示内部命令产生的查询
-F, --field-separator=字符串
设字段分隔符(缺省："%s")
-H, --html HTML 表格输出模式
-L, --log-file=文件名 将会话日志写入文件
-P, --pset=变量[=参数] 设置将变量打印到参数的选项(查阅 \pset 命令)
-R, --record-separator=字符串
设定记录分隔符(缺省：换行符号)
-S, --single-line 单行模式 (一行就是一条 SQL 命令)
-T, --table-attr=文本 设定 HTML 表格标记属性（例如,宽度,边界)
-U, --username=用户名 指定数据库用户名(缺省："%s")
-W, --password 强制口令提示 (自动)
-X, --no-psqlrc 不读取启动文档(~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all 显示所有来自于脚本的输入
-c,--command=命令 执行单一命令(SQL或内部指令)然后结束
-d, --dbname=数据库名称 指定要连接的数据库 (缺省："%s")
-e, --echo-queries 显示发送给服务器的命令
-f, --file=文件名 从文件中执行命令然后退出
-h, --host=主机名 数据库服务器主机或socket目录(缺省："%s")
-l, --list 列出所有可用的数据库,然后退出
-n, --no-readline 禁用增强命令行编辑功能(readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME 将查询结果写入文件(或 |管道)
-p, --port=端口 数据库服务器的端口(缺省："%s")
-q, --quiet 以沉默模式运行(不显示消息，只有查询结果)
-s, --single-step 单步模式 (确认每个查询)
-t, --tuples-only 只打印记录i
-v, --set=, --variable=名称=值
为psql变量(名称)设定值
-w, --no-password 永远不提示输入口令
-x, --expanded 打开扩展表格输出
\! [命令] 在 shell中执行命令或启动一个交互式shell
\C [字符串] 设置表的标题，或如果没有的标题就取消
\H 切换HTML输出模式 (目前是 %s)
\T [字符串] 设置HTML <表格>标签属性, 或者如果没有的话取消设置
\a 在非对齐模式和对齐模式之间切换
\c[onnect] [数据库名称|- 用户名称|- 主机|- 端口|-]
连接到新的数据库(目前是 "%s")
\cd [目录] 改变目前的工作目录
\copy ... 执行 SQL COPY，将数据流发送到客户端主机
\copyright 显示PostgreSQL的使用和发行许可条款
\dC [模式] 列出类型强制转换
\dD[S] [模式] 列出共同值域
\dF[+] [模式] 列出文本搜索配置
\dFd[+] [模式] 列出文本搜寻字典
\dFp[+] [模式] 列出文本搜索解析器
\dFt[+] [模式] 列出文本搜索模版
\dT[S+] [模式] 列出数据类型
\d[S+] 列出表,视图和序列
\d[S+] 名称 描述表，视图，序列，或索引
\da[+] [模式] 列出聚合函数
\db[+] [模式] 列出表空间
\dc[S] [模式] 列出字元编码转换
\dd[S] [模式] 显示对象的注释
\des[+] [模式] 列出外部服务器
\deu[+] [模式] 列出用户映射
\dew[+] [模式] 列出外部数据封装器
\df[antw][S+] [模式] 列出[只包括 聚合/常规/触发器/窗口]函数
\dg[+] [模式] 列出角色(或组)
\di[S+] [模式] 列出索引
\dl 列出大对象， 功能与\lo_list相同
\dn[+] [模式] 列出模式
\do[S] [模式] 列出运算符
\dp [模式] 列出表，视图和序列的访问权限
\ds[S+] [模式] 列出序列
\dt[S+] [模式] 列出表
\du[+] [模式] 列出角色(用户)
\dv[S+] [模式] 列出视图
\e [文件] 使用外部编辑器编辑查询缓存区(或文件)
\echo [字符串] 将字符串写到标准输出
\ef [函数名称] 使用外部编辑器编辑函数定义
\encoding [编码名称] 显示或设定客户端编码
\f [字符串] 显示或设定非对齐模式查询输出的字段分隔符
\g [文件] or; 执行查询 (并把结果写入文件或 |管道)
\h [名称] SQL命令语法上的说明，用*显示全部命令的语法说明
\i 文件 从文件中执行命令
\l[+] 列出所有的数据库
\lo_export LOBOID 文件
\lo_import 文件 [注释]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID 大对象运算
\o [文件] 将全部查询结果写入文件或 |管道
\p 显示查询缓存区的内容
\password [USERNAME] 安全地为用户改变口令
\prompt [文本] 名称 提示用户设定内部变量
\pset 名称 [值] 设定表输出选项
(名称：= {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\q 退出 psql
\qecho [字符串] 将字符串写到查询输出串流(参考 \o)
\r 重置(清除)查询缓存区
\s [文件] 显示历史记录或将历史记录保存在文件中
\set [名称 [值数]] 设定内部变量，若无参数则列出全部变量
\t [开|关] 只显示记录 (目前是 %s)
\timing [开|关] 切换命令计时开关 (目前是 %s)
\unset 名称 清空(删除)内部变量
\w 文件 将查询缓存区的内容写入文件
\x [开|关] 切换扩展输出模式(目前是 %s)
\z [模式] 和\dp的功能相同
psql [选项]... [数据库名称 [用户名称]]
用户 "%s" 埠号 "%s" 在 "%s" 主机上 %d个连接 %s %s (%s, 服务器 %s)
%s: %s
%s：无法从目录复制或复制到目录
%s：无法删除变数 "%s"
%s：无法开启日志档 "%s"：%s
%s：无法设定列印参数 "%s"
%s：无法设定变数 "%s"
%s：目前的交易被中止
%s：无效的编码名称或找不到转换程序
%s：尚未与资料库连线
%s：pg_strdup : 无法复制空指标 (内部错误)
%s：不明交易状态
%s：警告：忽略多余的命令列参数 "%s"
(%lu 行记录) (无资料列)
***(单步(Single step)模式：验证命令)*******************************************
%s
***(按 Enter 键继续或键入 x 来取消)********************
********* 查询 **********
%s
**************************
, 已丛集 , 无效的 , 叙述 (%s) , 表空间 "%s" ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE 名称 ( 型别 [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO 新_名称
ALTER AGGREGATE 名称 ( 型别 [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO 新_拥有者
ALTER AGGREGATE 名称 ( 型别 [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA 新_架构模式 ALTER CONVERSION 名称 RENAME TO 新名称
ALTER CONVERSION 名称 OWNER TO 新拥有者 ALTER DATABASE 名称 [ [ WITH ] 选项 [ ... ] ]
在选项的位置可以是：
CONNECTION LIMIT 连接限制
ALTER DATABASE 名称 RENAME TO 新名称
ALTER DATABASE 名称 OWNER TO 新_拥有者
ALTER DATABASE 名称 SET 组态_参数 { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE 名称 SET 组态_参数 FROM CURRENT
ALTER DATABASE 名称 RESET 组态_参数
ALTER DATABASE 名称 RESET ALL ALTER DOMAIN 名称
{ SET DEFAULT 表达式 | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN 名称
{ SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN 名称
ADD 域约束
ALTER DOMAIN 名称
DROP CONSTRAINT 域约束 [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN 名称
OWNER TO 新的属主
ALTER DOMAIN 名称
SET SCHEMA 新的模式 ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 名称
[ VALIDATOR 验证函数 | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['值'] [, ... ]) ]
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 名称 OWNER TO 新的属主 ALTER FUNCTION 名称 ( [ [ 参数模式 ] [ 参数名称 ] 参数类型 [, ...] ] )
操作 [ ... ] [ RESTRICT ]
ALTER FUNCTION 名称 ( [ [ 参数模式 ] [ 参数名称 ] 参数类型 [, ...] ] )
RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER FUNCTION 名称 ( [ [ 参数模式 ] [ 参数名称 ] 参数类型 [, ...] ] )
OWNER TO 新的属主
ALTER FUNCTION 名称 ( [ [ 参数模式 ] [ 参数名称 ] 参数类型 [, ...] ] )
SET SCHEMA 的模式
其中操作时下列之一:
CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
[ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
COST 执行开销
ROWS 返回记录
SET 配置参数 { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }
SET 配置参数 FROM CURRENT
RESET 配置参数
RESET ALL ALTER GROUP 群组名称 ADD USER 用户名称 [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP 群组名称 DROP USER 用户名称 [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP 群组名称 RENAME TO 新名称 ALTER INDEX 名称 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER INDEX 名称 SET TABLESPACE 表空间名称
ALTER INDEX 名称 SET ( 存储参数 = 值 [, ... ] )
ALTER INDEX 名称 RESET ( 参数参数 [, ... ] ) ALTER OPERATOR CLASS 名称 USING 索引方法 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS 名称 USING 索引方法 OWNER TO 新的属主 ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 名称 USING 索引方法 ADD
{ OPERATOR 策略数量 ( 操作数类型, 操作数类型 )
| FUNCTION 所支持的数量 [ ( [操作数类型 , 操作数类型 ] ) ] 函数名称 ( 参数类型 [, ...] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 名称 USING 索引名称 DROP
{ OPERATOR 策略数量 ( 操作数类型 [ , 操作数类型] )
| FUNCTION 策略数量 ( 操作数类型 [ , 操作数类型 ] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 名称 USING 索引方法 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 名称 USING 索引方法 OWNER TO 新的属主 ALTER OPERATOR 名称 ( { 左侧类型 | NONE } , { 右侧类型 | NONE } ) OWNER TO 新的属主 ALTER ROLE 名称 [ [ WITH ] 选项 [ ... ] ]
其中选项可以是:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT 连接限制
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '口令'
| VALID UNTIL '时间戳'
ALTER ROLE 名称 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER ROLE 名称 SET 配置参数 { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE 名称 SET 配置参数 FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE 名称 RESET 配置参数
ALTER ROLE 名称 RESET ALL ALTER SCHEMA 名称 RENAME TO 新名称
ALTER SCHEMA 名称 OWNER TO 新拥有者 ALTER SEQUENCE 名称 [ INCREMENT [ BY ] 增量 ]
[ MINVALUE 最小值 | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE 最大值 | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] 起始值 ]
[ RESTART [ [ WITH ] 重新开始] ]
[ CACHE 缓存 ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { 表.列| NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE 名称 OWNER TO 新的属主
ALTER SEQUENCE 名称 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER SEQUENCE 名称 SET SCHEMA 新的模式 ALTER SERVER 服务器名称 [ VERSION '新的版本' ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['值'] [, ... ] ) ]
ALTER SERVER 服务器名称 OWNER TO 新的属主 ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] 名称 [ * ]
操作 [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] 名称 [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] 列 TO 新的列名
ALTER TABLE 名称
RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER TABLE 名称
SET SCHEMA 新的模式名称
其中操作可以是下列之一:
ADD [ COLUMN ] 列的类型 [ 列的约束 [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] 列 [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 列 [ SET DATA ] TYPE type [ USING 表达式 ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 列 SET DEFAULT 表达式
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 列 DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 列 { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 列 SET STATISTICS 整数
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 列 SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD 表约束
DROP CONSTRAINT 约束名称 [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
DISABLE TRIGGER [ 触发器名称 | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE TRIGGER [ 触发器名称 | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER 触发器名称
ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER 触发器名称
DISABLE RULE 可重写的规则名称
ENABLE RULE 可重写的规则名称
ENABLE REPLICA RULE 可重写的规则名称
ENABLE ALWAYS RULE 可重写的规则名称
CLUSTER ON 索引名称
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITH OIDS
SET WITHOUT OIDS
SET ( 存储参数 = 值 [, ... ] )
RESET ( 存储参数 [, ... ] )
INHERIT 源表
NO INHERIT 源表
OWNER TO 新的属主
SET TABLESPACE 新的表空间 ALTER TABLESPACE 名称 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER TABLESPACE 名称 OWNER TO 新的属主 ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名称
ADD MAPPING FOR 符号类型 [, ... ] WITH 字典名称 [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名称
ALTER MAPPING FOR 符号类型 [, ... ] WITH 字典名称 [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名称
ALTER MAPPING REPLACE 原先的字典 WITH 新的字典
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名称
ALTER MAPPING FOR 符号类型 [, ... ] REPLACE 原先的字典 WITH 新的字典
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名称
DROP MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR 符号类型 [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名称 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名称 OWNER TO 新的属主 ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 名称 (
选项 [ = 值 ] [, ... ]
)
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 名称 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 名称 OWNER TO 新的属主 ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER 名称 RENAME TO 新名称 ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE 名称 RENAME TO 新名称 ALTER TRIGGER 名称 ON 资料表 RENAME TO 新名称 ALTER TYPE 名称 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER TYPE 名称 OWNER TO 新的属主
ALTER TYPE 名称 SET SCHEMA 新的模式 ALTER USER MAPPING FOR { 用户名 | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER 服务器名称
OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] 选项 ['值'] [, ... ] ) ALTER USER 名称 [ [ WITH ] 选项 [ ... ] ]
在选项的地方可以是：
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '密码'
| VALID UNTIL '时间截记'
ALTER USER 名称 RENAME TO 新名称
ALTER USER 名称 SET 组态_参数 { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER 名称 SET 组态_参数 FROM CURRENT
ALTER USER 名称 RESET 组态_参数
ALTER USER 名称 RESET ALL ALTER VIEW 名称 ALTER [ COLUMN ] 列 SET DEFAULT 表达式
ALTER VIEW 名称 ALTER [ COLUMN ] 列 DROP DEFAULT
ALTER VIEW 名称 OWNER TO 新的属主
ALTER VIEW 名称 RENAME TO 新的名称
ALTER VIEW 名称 SET SCHEMA 新的模式 ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 名称 RENAME TO 新名称
ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 名称 OWNER TO 新_拥有者 ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ 资料表 [ ( 栏位 [, ...] ) ] ] 存取权限 参数资料型别 收到来自伺服器 "%s" 进程 PID %d 非同步通知。
属性 可用的说明：
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [事务模式 [, ...] ]
其中事务模式可以是下列模式之一:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY 边界风格是 %d。
CHECKPOINT CLOSE { 名称 | ALL } CLUSTER [VERBOSE] 表名称 [ USING 索引名称 ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] COMMENT ON
{
TABLE 对象名称 |
COLUMN 表名.列名 |
AGGREGATE 聚合名称 (聚合类型 [, ...] ) |
CAST (源类型 AS 目标类型) |
CONSTRAINT 约束名称 ON 表名 |
CONVERSION 对象名称 |
DATABASE 对象名称 |
DOMAIN 对象名称 |
FUNCTION 函数名称 ( [ [ 参数模式 ] [ 参数名称 ] 参数类型 [, ...] ] ) |
INDEX 对象名称 |
LARGE OBJECT 大对象的OID |
OPERATOR op (左侧操作数的类型, 右侧操作数的类型) |
OPERATOR CLASS 对象名称 USING 索引方法 |
OPERATOR FAMILY 对象名称 USING 索引方法 |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 对象名称 |
ROLE 对象名称 |
RULE 规则名称 ON 表名 |
SCHEMA 对象名称 |
SEQUENCE 对象名称 |
TABLESPACE 对象名称 |
TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 对象名称 |
TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 对象名称 |
TEXT SEARCH PARSER 对象名称 |
TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE 对象名称 |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON 表名 |
TYPE 对象名称 |
VIEW 对象名称
} IS '文本' COMMIT PREPARED 事务交易_编号 COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY 资料转换失败：%s COPY 表名 [ ( 列 [, ...] ) ]
FROM { '文件名' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] '分隔符' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] '空字符串' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] '限额' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] '转义' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL 列 [, ...] ]
COPY { 表名 [ ( 列 [, ...] ) ] | ( 查询 ) }
TO { '文件名' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] '分隔符' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] '空字符串' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] '限额' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] '转义' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE 列 [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE 名称 ( 输入数据类型 [ , ... ] ) (
SFUNC = 状态转换函数,
STYPE = 状态数据类型
[ , FINALFUNC = 最终函数 ]
[ , INITCOND = 初始化条件 ]
[ , SORTOP = 排序操作符 ]
)
或者原先的语法格式
CREATE AGGREGATE 名称 (
BASETYPE = 基本类型,
SFUNC = 状态转换函数,
STYPE = 状态数据类型
[ , FINALFUNC = 最终函数 ]
[ , INITCOND = 初始化条件 ]
[ , SORTOP = 排序操作符 ]
) CREATE CAST (源类型 AS 目标类型)
WITH FUNCTION 函数名称 (参数类型)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (源类型 AS 目标类型)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (源类型 AS 目标类型)
WITH INOUT
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER 名称
AFTER 事件 [ OR ... ]
ON 表名
[ FROM 被引用的表 ]
{ NOT DEFERRABLE | [ DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED } }
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE 函数名称 ( 参数 ) CREATE DATABASE 名称
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] 数据库属主 ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] 模版 ]
[ ENCODING [=] 编码 ]
[ LC_COLLATE [=] 排序规则 ]
[ LC_CTYPE [=] 类型 ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] 表空间 ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] 连接限制 ] ] CREATE DOMAIN 名称 [ AS ] 数据类型
[ DEFAULT 表达式 ]
[ 约束 [ ... ] ]
其中约束是:
[ CONSTRAINT 约束名称 ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (表达式) } CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 名称
[ VALIDATOR 验证函数 | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( 选项 '值' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE GROUP 名称 [ [ WITH ] 选项 [ ... ] ]
其中选项可以是:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '口令'
| VALID UNTIL '时间戳'
| IN ROLE 角色名称 [, ...]
| IN GROUP 角色名称 [, ...]
| ROLE 角色名称 [, ...]
| ADMIN 角色名称 [, ...]
| USER 角色名称 [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE OPERATOR CLASS 名称 [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE 数据类型
USING 索引方法 [ FAMILY 已存在的操作符集合名称 ] AS
{ OPERATOR 策略数 操作符名称 [ ( 操作数类型, 操作数类型 ) ]
| FUNCTION 所支持的函数数量 [ ( 操作符类型 [ , 操作符类型 ] ) ] 函数名称 ( 参数类型 [, ...] )
| STORAGE 存储类型
} [, ... ] CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY 名称 USING 索引_方式 CREATE OPERATOR 名称 (
PROCEDURE = 函数名称
[, LEFTARG = 左侧操作数类型 ] [, RIGHTARG = 右侧操作数类型 ]
[, COMMUTATOR = 换位符号 ] [, NEGATOR = 取反符号 ]
[, RESTRICT = 条件限制存储过程 ] [, JOIN = 连接存储过程 ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
) CREATE ROLE 名称 [ [ WITH ] 选项 [ ... ] ]
在选项的地方可以是：
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT 连线限制
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '密码'
| VALID UNTIL '时间截记'
| IN ROLE 角色名称 [, ...]
| IN GROUP 角色名称 [, ...]
| ROLE 角色名称 [, ...]
| ADMIN 角色名称 [, ...]
| USER 角色名称 [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE SCHEMA 架构模式名称 [ AUTHORIZATION 用户名称 ] [ 架构模式_元素 [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION 用户名称 [ 架构模式_元素 [ ... ] ] CREATE SERVER 服务器名称 [ TYPE '服务器类型' ] [ VERSION '服务器版本' ]
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 外部数据封装器名称
[ OPTIONS ( 选项 '值' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE TABLESPACE 表空间名称 [ OWNER 用户名称 ] LOCATION 'directory' CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名称 (
PARSER = 解析器名称 |
COPY = 源配置
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 名称 (
TEMPLATE = 模板
[, 选项 = 值 [, ... ]]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER 名称 (
START = 启动函数 ,
GETTOKEN = 用于获取符号的函数 ,
END = 结束函数 ,
LEXTYPES = 词汇类型函数
[, HEADLINE = 标题函数 ]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE 名称 (
[ INIT = 初始化函数 , ]
LEXIZE = 获取词汇大小的函数
) CREATE TRIGGER 名称 { BEFORE | AFTER } { 事件 [ OR ... ] }
ON 资料表 [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE 函数名称 ( 引数 ) CREATE TYPE 名称 AS
( 属性名称 数据类型 [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE 名称 AS ENUM
( '标签' [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE 名称 (
INPUT = 输入函数,
OUTPUT = 输出函数
[ , RECEIVE = 接收函数 ]
[ , SEND = 发送函数 ]
[ , TYPMOD_IN = 用于修改类型的输入函数 ]
[ , TYPMOD_OUT = 用于修改类型的输出函数 ]
[ , ANALYZE = 分析函数 ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { 内部长度 | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = 数据类型的存储基准要求 ]
[ , STORAGE = 存储策略 ]
[ , LIKE = 相像的类型 ]
[ , CATEGORY = 类型的种类代码 ]
[ , PREFERRED = 偏好类型 ]
[ , DEFAULT = 数据类型的缺省值 ]
[ , ELEMENT = 数组成员的类型 ]
[ , DELIMITER = 分隔符 ]
)
CREATE TYPE 名称 CREATE USER MAPPING FOR { 用户名 | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER 服务器名称
[ OPTIONS ( 选项 '值' [ , ... ] ) ] CREATE USER 名称 [ [ WITH ] 选项 [ ... ] ]
在选项的地方可以是：
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT 连线限制
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '密码'
| VALID UNTIL '时间截记'
| IN ROLE 角色名称 [, ...]
| IN GROUP 角色名称 [, ...]
| ROLE 角色名称 [, ...]
| ADMIN 角色名称 [, ...]
| USER 角色名称 [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE [ DEFAULT ] CONVERSION 名称
FOR 源编码类型 TO 目标编码类型 FROM 函数名称 CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
名称 ( [ [ 参数模式 ] [ 参数名称 ] 参数类型 [ { DEFAULT | = } 缺省表达式 ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS 返回类型
| RETURNS TABLE ( 列名 列的类型 [, ...] ) ]
{ LANGUAGE 语言名称
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| COST 执行开销
| ROWS 结果记录
| SET 配置参数 { TO 值 | = 值 | FROM CURRENT }
| AS '定义'
| AS '目标文件', 'l链接符号'
} ...
[ WITH ( 属性 [, ...] ) ] CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE 名称 AS ON 事件
TO 表 [ WHERE 条件 ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | 命令 | ( 命令; 命令 ... ) } CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW 名称 [ ( 栏位_名称 [, ...] ) ]
AS 查询 CREATE [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 名称
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 名称
HANDLER 呼叫_处理器 [ VALIDATOR valfunction ] CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE 名称 [ INCREMENT [ BY ] 增量 ]
[ MINVALUE 最小值 | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE 最大值 | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] 启始值 ] [ CACHE 缓存 ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { 表.列 | NONE } ] CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] 名称 ON 表 [ USING 方法 ]
( { 列 | ( 表达式 ) } [ 操作类型 ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] )
[ WITH ( 存储参数 = 值 [, ... ] ) ]
[ TABLESPACE 表空间 ]
[ WHERE 针对部分索引的约束表达式 ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE 表名
[ (列名 [, ...] ) ]
[ WITH ( 存储参数 [= 值] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE 表空间 ]
AS 查询语句
[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE 表名 ( [
{ 列名 数据类型 [ DEFAULT 缺省表达式 ] [ 列约束 [ ... ] ]
| 表约束
| LIKE 源表 [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES } ] ... }
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( 源表 [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( 存储参数 [= 值] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE 表空间 ]
其中列级约束是:
[ CONSTRAINT 约束名称 ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
UNIQUE 索引参数 |
PRIMARY KEY 索引参数 |
CHECK ( 表达式 ) |
REFERENCES 所引用的表 [ ( 所引用的列 ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE 操作 ] [ ON UPDATE 操作 ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
表级约束是:
[ CONSTRAINT 约束名称 ]
{ UNIQUE ( 列名 [, ... ] ) 索引参数 |
PRIMARY KEY ( 列名 [, ... ] ) 索引参数 |
CHECK ( 表达式 ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( 列名 [, ... ] ) REFERENCES 所引用的表 [ ( 所引用的列 [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE 操作 ] [ ON UPDATE 操作 ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
在UNIQUE和PRIMARY KEY约束中的索引参数是:
[ WITH ( 存储参数 [= 值] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE 表空间 ] 无法对表的内容添加单元: 总共有%d个单元超过.
无法对表的内容增加标题:已经超过%d列的数量.
无法登录 检查 检查约束限制 排序规则 栏位 列访问权限 命令： %s
描述： %s
语法：
%s
合成型别 "%s.%s" 连接
建立 DB 建立角色 Ctype DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { 名称 | ALL } DECLARE 名称 [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR 查询 DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] 表[ [ AS ] 别名 ]
[ USING 使用列表 ]
[ WHERE 条件 | WHERE CURRENT OF 游标名称 ]
[ RETURNING * | 输出表达式 [ [ AS ] 输出名称 ] [, ...] ] DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP } DROP AGGREGATE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 ( 型别 [ , ... ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST [ IF EXISTS ] (来源型别 AS 目标型别) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 DROP DOMAIN [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 ( [ [ 引数模式 ] [ 引数名称 ] 引数型别 [, ...] ] )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 USING 索引_方式 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 USING 索引_方式 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 ( { 左侧资料型别 | NONE } , { 左侧资料型别 | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OWNED BY 名称 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP ROLE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] DROP RULE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 ON 关联 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] 服务器名称[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE [ IF EXISTS ] 表空间名称 DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 ON 资料表 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR { 用户名 | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC } SERVER 服务器名称 DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] DROP VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE [ IF EXISTS ] 名称 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 关闭预设步进器(Footer)。 打开预设步进器(Footer)。 预设？ 描述 目的地 字典 没有找到任何名称为 "%s" 的关联。
没有找到任何OID为 %s 的关联。
没有找到任何命名为 "%s" 的文本搜寻组态。
没有找到任何命名为 "%s" 的文本剖析器。
已停用规则： 停用触发器： END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE 名称 [ ( 参数 [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] 叙述 成员 字元编码 结束剖析 输入要复制的资料并且换行。
在独立的一行上输入一个反斜线和一个句点结束。 再次键入： 输入新的密码： 扩展显示已关闭。
扩展显示已打开。
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname
在 direction 的地方可以是空的或是一个：
NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL 失败。
栏位分隔符号是 "%s"。
外部数据封装器 外部键(FK)限制： 格式化
函数 GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] 表名 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( 列 [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( 列 [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] 表名 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE 序列名称 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE 数据库名称 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 外部数据封装器名称 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER 服务器名称 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION 函数名称 ( [ [ 参数模式 ] [ 参数名称 ] 参数类型 [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE 语言名称 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA 模式名称 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE 表空间名称 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT role [, ...] TO 角色名称 [, ...] [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ] 一般性
通用选项:
取得首行 取得下一个标志符 取得标志符型别 有 OIDs ID INSERT INTO 表 [ ( 列 [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { 表达式 | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | 查询 }
[ RETURNING * | 输出表达式 [ AS 输出名称 ] [, ...] ] 隐含的? 索引 "%s.%s" 索引： 资讯性
继承 初始化 初始选项 输入/输出
内部名称 已中断
无效的命令 \%s，用 \? 显示说明。
LISTEN 名称 LOAD '档案名称' LOCK [ TABLE ] 名称 [, ...] [ IN 锁模式 MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
锁模式可以是下列其中之一：
ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE 程序语言 大对象
大型物件 左参数型别 词汇 聚集函数列表 型别转换列表 字元编码转换列表 资料型别列表 资料库列表 共同值域列表 外部服务器列表 外部数据封装器列表 函数列表 运算子列表 关联列表 角色列表 架构模式列表 表空间列表 文本搜寻组态列表 文本搜寻字典列表 文本剖析器列表 文本搜寻样式列表 列出用户映射 语言环境调整后的数值输出关闭。 所在地 MOVE [ 方向 { FROM | IN } ] 游标名称 成员属于 方法 修饰词 修饰词 NOTIFY 名称 名称 没有发生 没有连接 没有 "%-.*s" 的说明。
尝试用不带参数的 \h 来显示目前可用的说明。
没有继承 没有找到符合的关联。
找不到关联。
"%s" 是空值显示。
物件 物件描述 操作系统
选项 输出格式是 %s。
拥有者 PREPARE TRANSACTION 事务交易_编号 PREPARE 名称 [ ( 资料型别 [, ...] ) ] AS 叙述句 总是使用分页器。 显示大量资料时使用分页器。 不使用分页器。 密码加密失败.
用户 %s 的口令： 口令： Passwords didn't match.
保留上一次连线
查询缓存区
查询缓存区是空的。 查询缓存区重置(清空)。 REASSIGN OWNED BY 旧_角色 [, ...] TO 新_角色 REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } 名称 [ FORCE ] RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] 储存点名称 RESET 组态_参数
RESET ALL REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] 表名 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( 列 [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( 列 [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] 表名 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE 序列名称 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE 数据库名称 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 外部数据封装器名称 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER 服务器名称 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION 函数名称 ( [ [ 参数模式 ] [ 参数名称 ] 参数类型 [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE 语言名称 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA 模式名称 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名称 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
role [, ...] FROM rolename [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ROLLBACK PREPARED 事务交易_编号 ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] 储存点_名称 记录分隔符号是 "%s"。
记录分隔符号是 。 由引用： 臭虫报告至 .
结果资料型别 结果型别 右参数型别 角色名称 永远触发规则 只有在复制时触发规则: 规则： SAVEPOINT 储存点_名称 SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | 名称 [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION 事务交易_模式 [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION 事务交易_模式 [, ...]
在事务交易_模式的地方可以是一个：
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE 角色名称
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION 用户名称
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] 组态_参数器 { TO | = } { 值 | '值' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { 时区 | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SHOW 名称
SHOW ALL SSL连接 (加密：%s，位元：%i)
SSL连接 (未知加密)
START TRANSACTION [ 事务交易_模式 [, ...] ]
在事务交易_模式的地方可以是一个：
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY 架构模式 序列数 "%s.%s" 服务器 显示语言环境调整后的数字输出。 只显示 Tuples。 大小 来源 原始程式 来源型别 特殊关联 "%s.%s" 开始剖析 存储 完成。
超级用户 TOAST 资料表 "%s.%s" TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ... ]
[ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 资料表 资料表 "%s.%s" 资料表属性是 "%s"。
未设置资料表属性。
表空间 表空间："%s" 目标型别 对于"wrapped"格式的目标长度是%d.
模版 文本搜寻组态 "%s" 文本搜寻组态 "%s.%s" 文本搜寻剖析器 "%s" 文本搜寻剖析器 "%s.%s" 与伺服器的连线已遗失，尝试重置: 服务器(版本%d.%d)不支持使用外部服务器.
服务器(版本%d.%d)不支持使用外部数据封装器。
服务器(版本%d.%d)不支持使用全文搜索.
服务器(版本 %d.%d)不支持保存点(Savepoint)ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK。
服务器(版本%d.%d) 不支持使用表空间.
服务器(版本%d.%d)不支持使用用户映射。
时间：%.3f ms
停止计时功能. 启用计时功能. 标题是 "%s"。
无标题。
标志符 标志名称 标志符型别给剖析器 "%s" 标志符别型给剖析器 "%s.%s" 永远激活触发器 只有在复制时激活触发器 触发器： 尝试 "%s --help" 以得到更多资讯。
关闭只显示 Tuples。 型别 输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.
键入： \copyright 显示发行条款
\h 显示 SQL 命令的说明
\? 显示 pgsql 命令的说明
\g 或者以分号(;)结尾以执行查询
\q 退出
UNLISTEN { 名称 | * } UPDATE [ ONLY ] 表名 [ [ AS ] 别名 ]
SET { 栏位 = { 表达式 | 缺省值 } |
( 列 [, ...] ) = ( { 表达式 | 缺省 } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
[ FROM from列表 ]
[ WHERE 条件 | WHERE CURRENT OF 游标_名称 ]
[ RETURNING * | 输出_表达式 [ AS 输出_名称 ] [, ...] ] 使用方法:
使用 "\q" 离开 %s。
用户名: VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ 资料表 ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ 资料表 [ (栏位 [, ...] ) ] ] VALUES ( 表达式 [, ...] ) [, ...]
[ ORDER BY 排序表达式 [ ASC | DESC | USING 运算符 ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { 计数值 | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET 起始值 [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] 验证 值 变量
版本 视观表 "%s.%s" 视图定义: 挥发性 警告：%s 版本%d.%d， 服务器版本%d.%d.
一些psql功能可能无法工作.
警告：来自 Windows 代码页 (%u) 的控制台代码页 (%u) 的差异
8-bit 字元可能无法正常工作。查阅 psql 参考
页 "Windows 用户注意事项" 的详细说明。
书写历程到档案 "%s/%s".
你目前没有与资料库连线。
您现在已经连线到资料库 "%s"。 您正在使用psql, 这是一种用于访问PostgreSQL的命令行界面 [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] 查询 [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( 表达式 [, ...] ) ] ]
* | 表达式 [ [ AS ] 输出名称 ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] 新的表
[ FROM 查询成员 [, ...] ]
[ WHERE 条件 ]
[ GROUP BY 表达式 [, ...] ]
[ HAVING 表达式 [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW 窗口名称 AS ( 窗口定义 ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] 查询 ]
[ ORDER BY 表达式 [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { 一次取出记录的数量 | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET 起始值 [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ 下一次取出记录的数量 ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF 表名 [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ] [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] 查询 [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( 表达式 [, ...] ) ] ]
* | 表达式 [ [ AS ] 输出名 ] [, ...]
[ FROM 查询成员 [, ...] ]
[ WHERE 条件 ]
[ GROUP BY 表达式 [, ...] ]
[ HAVING 条件 [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW 窗口名称 AS ( 窗口定义 ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] 查询语句 ]
[ ORDER BY 表达式 [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { 输出记录数 | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET 开始值 [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ 一次取回的记录数量 ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF 表名 [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ]
表或视图可以是下列对象之一:
[ ONLY ] 表名 [ * ] [ [ AS ] 化名 [ ( 列的化名 [, ...] ) ] ]
( 查询语句 ) [ AS ] 化名 [ ( 列的化名 [, ...] ) ]
查询名称 [ [ AS ] 化名 [ ( 列的化名 [, ...] ) ] ]
函数名称 ( [ 参数 [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] 化名 [ ( 列的化名 [, ...] | 列的定义 [, ...] ) ]
函数名称 ( [ 参数 [, ...] ] ) AS ( 列的定义 [, ...] )
查询成员 [ NATURAL ] 连接类型 查询成员 [ ON 连接条件 | USING ( 连接列 [, ...] ) ]
查询是:
查询名称 [ ( 列名 [, ...] ) ] AS ( 查询语句 )
TABLE { [ ONLY ] 表名 [ * ] | 查询名称 } \!：失败
\%s: 无法切换目录至 "%s": %s
\%s：错误
\%s：忽略多余的参数 "%s"
\%s：缺少所需参数
\连线：%s \copy：%s \copy：需要参数
\copy：在 "%s" 发生解读错误
\copy：在行尾发生解读错误
\copy：意外回应 (%d)
\df 不能有带着服务器版本%d.%d 的选项"w"
\df 只能将 [antwS+]作为选项
\pset：可以使用的格式有unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, latex, troff-ms
\pset: 不明选项: %s
中止目前的交易 因读取失败已被中止 agg 聚集函数 取消一个可以为两阶段提交容易配置的事务 依用户取消 找不到暂存目录：%s 更改一个资料库 变更资料库角色 更改一个执行时期参数 更改角色名称或会员 更改一个字元编码转换的定义 更改共同值域的定义 更改外部服务器的定义 更改外部数据封装器的定义 更改函数的定义 更改程序语言的定义 更改架构模式的定义 更改序列数产生器的定义 更改资料表的定义 更改表空间的定义 更改一个文本搜寻组态的定义 更改一个文本搜寻字典的定义 更改一个文本搜寻剖析器的定义 更改一个文本搜寻模版的定义 更改触发器的定义 更改资料型别的定义 更改用户映射的定义 更改视观表的定义 更改聚集函数的定义 更改索引的定义 更改运算子的定义 更改运算子类别的定义 更改一个运算子家族的识别 依照一个资料库角色拥有的的资料库物件来更变所有权 子进程结束，结束代码 %d 子进程结束，不明状态代码 %d 子进程被例外(exception) 0x%X 终止 子进程被信号 %d 终止 子进程被信号 %s 终止 关闭 cursor 丛集一个资料表根据一个索引 关于资料库的收集统计 提交一项事务交易这是两阶段提交的先前准备 确认目前的事物交易 计算一个资料列的集合 与资料库的连线遗失
包含命令列编辑支援 在档案和资料表间复制资料 无法切换目录至 "%s" 未能找到一个 "%s" 来执行 无法取得目前的用户名称：%s
无法取得 home 目录：%s
无法识别目前的目录：%s 无法开启暂存档 "%s": %s
无法读取二进制码 "%s" 无法从输入档案读取：%s
无法读取符号连结 "%s" 无法将历史记录储存到 "%s"：%s
无法启动 /bin/sh
无法启动编辑器 "%s"
无法写入 COPY 资料：%s
建立新的资料库 在资料表中建立资料 资料型别 释放一个已预备好的叙述区块 缺省 %s 建立一个 cursor 定义一个新的聚集函数 建立新的型别转换 定义一个新的约束限制触发器 建立新的资料型别 定义一个新资料库角色 建立新的共同值域 定义一个新的字元编码转换 建立新的触发器 定义一个新的外部数据封装器 建立新的函数 建立新的索引 将用户的新映射定义到一个外部服务器 建立新的运算子 建立新的运算子类别 定义一个新的运算子家族 建立新的程序语言 建立新的重写规则 在目前的事物交易中建立新的储存点(Savepoint) 建立新的架构模式 建立新的序列数产生器 建立新的资料表 以查询结果建立新的资料表 建立新的表空间 定义一个新文本搜寻组态 定义一个新文本搜寻字典 定义一个新文本搜寻剖析器 定义一个新文本搜寻模版 建立新的触发器 建立新的视观表 建立存取权限 定义或更改一个物件的注解 删除资料表中的资料列 删除先前建立的储存点(Savepoint) 抛弃 session 状态 空的资料表或资料表设置 执行一个已准备好的叙述区块 给资料表 "%s.%s" 强制事物交易日志检查点 函数 垃圾收集(GC)并选择性的分析资料库 产生通告 这个安装不支援命令记录
不可改变 在指派中 索引 无效的二进制码 "%s" 无效的命令 \%s
无效的输出格式 (内部错误): %d 等待通知 加载一个共享库文件 本地接口 锁住资料表 否 没有查询缓存区
常规 非空 关闭 开启 运算子 记忆体用尽 记忆体用尽
移动游标位置 预先编译叙述以执行 预备当前事务交易的二段式提交 主键(PK), psql是PostgreSQL 的交互式客户端工具。
重新建构索引 移除一个型别转换 移除一个字元编码转换 移除资料型别 移除资料库 移除一个资料库成员 移除一个共同值域 删除一个外部服务器描述符 删除一个外部数据封装器 移除函数 移除一个程序语言 移除一个重写规则 移除一个架构模式 移除序列数 移除资料表 移除一个表空间 移除一个文本搜寻组态 移除一个文本搜寻字典 移除一个文本搜寻剖析器 移除一个文本搜寻模版 移除触发器 为外部服务器删除用户映射 移除一个视观表 移除存取权限 移除一个聚集函数 移除一个索引 移除运算子 移除一个运算子类别 移除一个运算子家族 依照一个资料库角色拥有的资料库物件来移除 将执行时期参数还原成预设值 从使用 cursor 的查询读取资料 从资料表或视观表读取资料 还原至一个储存点(Savepoint) 规则 序列数 设定约束限制检查模式给目前的事务交易 设定目前事物交易属性 设置当前 session 的当前用户的身份标识 设置会话用户标识符和当前会话的当前用户标识符 显示一个叙述区块的执行计划 显示执行时期的参数值 特殊 稳定 开始一个事物交易区块 停止倾听通告 资料表 触发器 正在尝试退出 唯一的, 更新资料表中的资料列 视观表 不稳定性 窗口 是