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Connection options:
For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help" (for SQL
commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in the PostgreSQL
documentation.
Input and output options:
Output format options:
Parser: "%s"
Parser: "%s.%s" (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
--help show this help, then exit
--version output version information, then exit
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
execute command file as a single transaction
-A, --no-align unaligned table output mode
-E, --echo-hidden display queries that internal commands generate
-F, --field-separator=STRING
set field separator (default: "%s")
-H, --html HTML table output mode
-L, --log-file=FILENAME send session log to file
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] set printing option VAR to ARG (see \pset command)
-R, --record-separator=STRING
set record separator (default: newline)
-S, --single-line single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)
-T, --table-attr=TEXT set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)
-U, --username=USERNAME database user name (default: "%s")
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
-X, --no-psqlrc do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all echo all input from script
-c, --command=COMMAND run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit
-d, --dbname=DBNAME database name to connect to (default: "%s")
-e, --echo-queries echo commands sent to server
-f, --file=FILENAME execute commands from file, then exit
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory (default: "%s")
-l, --list list available databases, then exit
-n, --no-readline disable enhanced command line editing (readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME send query results to file (or |pipe)
-p, --port=PORT database server port (default: "%s")
-q, --quiet run quietly (no messages, only query output)
-s, --single-step single-step mode (confirm each query)
-t, --tuples-only print rows only
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
set psql variable NAME to VALUE
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-x, --expanded turn on expanded table output
\! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none
\H toggle HTML output mode (currently %s)
\T [STRING] set HTML tag attributes, or unset if none
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]
connect to new database (currently "%s")
\cd [DIR] change the current working directory
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
\dC [PATTERN] list casts
\dD[S] [PATTERN] list domains
\dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types
\d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences
\d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index
\da[+] [PATTERN] list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces
\dc[S] [PATTERN] list conversions
\dd[S] [PATTERN] show comments on objects
\des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers
\deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers
\df[antw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
\dg[+] [PATTERN] list roles (groups)
\di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes
\dl list large objects, same as \lo_list
\dn[+] [PATTERN] list schemas
\do[S] [PATTERN] list operators
\dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables
\du[+] [PATTERN] list roles (users)
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views
\e [FILE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
\echo [STRING] write string to standard output
\ef [FUNCNAME] edit function definition with external editor
\encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output
\g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands
\i FILE execute commands from file
\l[+] list all databases
\lo_export LOBOID FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID large object operations
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe
\p show the contents of the query buffer
\password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user
\prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable
\pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option
(NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\q quit psql
\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o)
\r reset (clear) the query buffer
\s [FILE] display history or save it to file
\set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
\t [on|off] show only rows (currently %s)
\timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently %s)
\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable
\w FILE write query buffer to file
\x [on|off] toggle expanded output (currently %s)
\z [PATTERN] same as \dp
psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]
as user "%s" at port "%s" on host "%s" %d connection %d connections %s %s (%s, server %s)
%s: %s
%s: cannot copy from/to a directory
%s: could not delete variable "%s"
%s: could not open log file "%s": %s
%s: could not set printing parameter "%s"
%s: could not set variable "%s"
%s: current transaction is aborted
%s: invalid encoding name or conversion procedure not found
%s: not connected to a database
%s: pg_strdup: cannot duplicate null pointer (internal error)
%s: unknown transaction status
%s: warning: extra command-line argument "%s" ignored
(%lu row) (%lu rows) (No rows)
***(Single step mode: verify command)*******************************************
%s
***(press return to proceed or enter x and return to cancel)********************
********* QUERY **********
%s
**************************
, clustered , invalid , predicate (%s) , tablespace "%s" ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DATABASE name SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER DATABASE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RESET ALL ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name
{ SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name
ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN name
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DOMAIN name
SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ]) ]
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
action [ ... ] [ RESTRICT ]
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
SET SCHEMA new_schema
where action is one of:
CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
[ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
COST execution_cost
ROWS result_rows
SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX name SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
ALTER INDEX name RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] ) ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method ADD
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name ( op_type, op_type )
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method DROP
{ OPERATOR strategy_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
| FUNCTION support_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method RENAME TO newname
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method OWNER TO newowner ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO newowner ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE name RESET ALL ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ]
[ RESTART [ [ WITH ] restart ] ]
[ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER SEQUENCE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER SERVER servername [ VERSION 'newversion' ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ]
ALTER SERVER servername OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE name
SET SCHEMA new_schema
where action is one of:
ADD [ COLUMN ] column type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column [ SET DATA ] TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
DISABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name
ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name
DISABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE REPLICA RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE ALWAYS RULE rewrite_rule_name
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITH OIDS
SET WITHOUT OIDS
SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] )
RESET ( storage_parameter [, ... ] )
INHERIT parent_table
NO INHERIT parent_table
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ADD MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] WITH dictionary_name [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ... ] REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name
DROP MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR token_type [, ... ]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
option [ = value ] [, ... ]
)
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name RENAME TO newname
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name OWNER TO newowner ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER name RENAME TO newname ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name RENAME TO newname ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO newname ALTER TYPE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER TYPE name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] option ['value'] [, ... ] ) ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER USER name RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER USER name RESET ALL ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER VIEW name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER VIEW name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER VIEW name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER VIEW name SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name OWNER TO new_owner ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ ( column [, ...] ) ] ] Access privileges Argument data types Asynchronous notification "%s" received from server process with PID %d.
Attributes Available help:
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Border style is %d.
CHECKPOINT CLOSE { name | ALL } CLUSTER [VERBOSE] tablename [ USING indexname ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] COMMENT ON
{
TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...] ) |
CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FUNCTION func_name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
ROLE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TABLESPACE object_name |
TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name
} IS 'text' COMMIT PREPARED transaction_id COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY data transfer failed: %s COPY tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY { tablename [ ( column [, ...] ) ] | ( query ) }
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE name ( input_data_type [ , ... ] ) (
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
)
or the old syntax
CREATE AGGREGATE name (
BASETYPE = base_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
) CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH INOUT
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER event [ OR ... ]
ON table_name
[ FROM referenced_table_name ]
{ NOT DEFERRABLE | [ DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED } }
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] dbowner ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
[ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
[ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ]
[ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ] CREATE DOMAIN name [ AS ] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]
where constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) } CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER name
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method [ FAMILY family_name ] AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ]
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...] )
| STORAGE storage_type
} [, ... ] CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY name USING index_method CREATE OPERATOR name (
PROCEDURE = funcname
[, LEFTARG = lefttype ] [, RIGHTARG = righttype ]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
) CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE SCHEMA schemaname [ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SERVER servername [ TYPE 'servertype' ] [ VERSION 'serverversion' ]
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [, ... ] ) ] CREATE TABLESPACE tablespacename [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory' CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION name (
PARSER = parser_name |
COPY = source_config
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY name (
TEMPLATE = template
[, option = value [, ... ]]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER name (
START = start_function ,
GETTOKEN = gettoken_function ,
END = end_function ,
LEXTYPES = lextypes_function
[, HEADLINE = headline_function ]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE name (
[ INIT = init_function , ]
LEXIZE = lexize_function
) CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] }
ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments ) CREATE TYPE name AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name AS ENUM
( 'label' [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[ , RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[ , SEND = send_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
[ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internallength | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ]
[ , STORAGE = storage ]
[ , LIKE = like_type ]
[ , CATEGORY = category ]
[ , PREFERRED = preferred ]
[ , DEFAULT = default ]
[ , ELEMENT = element ]
[ , DELIMITER = delimiter ]
)
CREATE TYPE name CREATE USER MAPPING FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER servername
[ OPTIONS ( option 'value' [ , ... ] ) ] CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
| IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
| IN GROUP rolename [, ...]
| ROLE rolename [, ...]
| ADMIN rolename [, ...]
| USER rolename [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE [ DEFAULT ] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM funcname CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS rettype
| RETURNS TABLE ( colname coltype [, ...] ) ]
{ LANGUAGE langname
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| COST execution_cost
| ROWS result_rows
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ] CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [ WHERE condition ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) } CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
AS query CREATE [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR valfunction ] CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ] CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] name ON table [ USING method ]
( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] )
[ WITH ( storage_parameter = value [, ... ] ) ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
[ WHERE predicate ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
AS query
[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( [
{ column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES } ] ... }
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
where column_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
UNIQUE index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
and table_constraint is:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
CHECK ( expression ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
index_parameters in UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints are:
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace ] Cannot add cell to table content: total cell count of %d exceeded.
Cannot add header to table content: column count of %d exceeded.
Cannot login Check Check constraints: Collation Column Column access privileges Command: %s
Description: %s
Syntax:
%s
Composite type "%s.%s" Connection
Create DB Create role Ctype DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { name | ALL } DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ [ AS ] alias ]
[ USING usinglist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP } DROP AGGREGATE [ IF EXISTS ] name ( type [ , ... ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST [ IF EXISTS ] (sourcetype AS targettype) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] name DROP DOMAIN [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [ IF EXISTS ] name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR [ IF EXISTS ] name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP ROLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP RULE [ IF EXISTS ] name ON relation [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] servername [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE [ IF EXISTS ] tablespacename DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR { username | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC } SERVER servername DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] DROP VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE [ IF EXISTS ] name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Default footer is off. Default footer is on. Default? Description Destination Dictionaries Did not find any relation named "%s".
Did not find any relation with OID %s.
Did not find any text search configuration named "%s".
Did not find any text search parser named "%s".
Disabled rules: Disabled triggers: END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE name [ ( parameter [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement Elements Encoding End parse Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself. Enter it again: Enter new password: Expanded display is off.
Expanded display is on.
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname
where direction can be empty or one of:
NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE count
RELATIVE count
count
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD count
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD count
BACKWARD ALL Failed.
Field separator is "%s".
Foreign-data wrapper Foreign-key constraints: Formatting
Function GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT role [, ...] TO rolename [, ...] [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ] General
General options:
Get headline Get next token Get token types Has OIDs ID INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Implicit? Index "%s.%s" Indexes: Informational
Inherits Init Init options Input/Output
Internal name Interrupted
Invalid command \%s. Try \? for help.
LISTEN name LOAD 'filename' LOCK [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ...] [ IN lockmode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
where lockmode is one of:
ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE Language Large Objects
Large objects Left arg type Lexize List of aggregate functions List of casts List of conversions List of data types List of databases List of domains List of foreign servers List of foreign-data wrappers List of functions List of operators List of relations List of roles List of schemas List of tablespaces List of text search configurations List of text search dictionaries List of text search parsers List of text search templates List of user mappings Locale-adjusted numeric output is off. Location MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname Member of Method Modifier Modifiers NOTIFY name Name No changes No connections No help available for "%-.*s".
Try \h with no arguments to see available help.
No inheritance No matching relations found.
No relations found.
Null display is "%s".
Object Object descriptions Operating System
Options Output format is %s.
Owner PREPARE TRANSACTION transaction_id PREPARE name [ ( datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement Pager is always used. Pager is used for long output. Pager usage is off. Password encryption failed.
Password for user %s: Password: Passwords didn't match.
Previous connection kept
Query Buffer
Query buffer is empty. Query buffer reset (cleared). REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } name [ FORCE ] RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( column [, ...] )
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( column [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] tablename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER servername [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
role [, ...] FROM rolename [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ROLLBACK PREPARED transaction_id ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name Record separator is "%s".
Record separator is . Referenced by: Report bugs to .
Result data type Result type Right arg type Role name Rules firing always: Rules firing on replica only: Rules: SAVEPOINT savepoint_name SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE rolename
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION username
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SHOW name
SHOW ALL SSL connection (cipher: %s, bits: %i)
SSL connection (unknown cipher)
START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY Schema Sequence "%s.%s" Server Showing locale-adjusted numeric output. Showing only tuples. Size Source Source code Source type Special relation "%s.%s" Start parse Storage Succeeded.
Superuser TOAST table "%s.%s" TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] name [, ... ]
[ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] Table Table "%s.%s" Table attribute is "%s".
Table attributes unset.
Tablespace Tablespace: "%s" Target type Target width for "wrapped" format is %d.
Template Text search configuration "%s" Text search configuration "%s.%s" Text search parser "%s" Text search parser "%s.%s" The connection to the server was lost. Attempting reset: The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign servers.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign-data wrappers.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support full text search.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support savepoints for ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support tablespaces.
The server (version %d.%d) does not support user mappings.
Time: %.3f ms
Timing is off. Timing is on. Title is "%s".
Title is unset.
Token Token name Token types for parser "%s" Token types for parser "%s.%s" Triggers firing always: Triggers firing on replica only: Triggers: Try "%s --help" for more information.
Tuples only is off. Type Type "help" for help.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
UNLISTEN { name | * } UPDATE [ ONLY ] table [ [ AS ] alias ]
SET { column = { expression | DEFAULT } |
( column [, ...] ) = ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
[ FROM fromlist ]
[ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ] Usage:
Use "\q" to leave %s.
User name VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ table ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ] VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
[ ORDER BY sort_expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] Validator Value Variables
Version View "%s.%s" View definition: Volatility WARNING: %s version %d.%d, server version %d.%d.
Some psql features might not work.
WARNING: Console code page (%u) differs from Windows code page (%u)
8-bit characters might not work correctly. See psql reference
page "Notes for Windows users" for details.
Wrote history to file "%s/%s".
You are currently not connected to a database.
You are now connected to database "%s" You are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL. [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ] [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ]
* | expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ]
[ HAVING condition [, ...] ]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...] ]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ]
[ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
[ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT ] [...] ]
where from_item can be one of:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
( select ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ]
with_query_name [ [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] ) ] ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) [ AS ] alias [ ( column_alias [, ...] | column_definition [, ...] ) ]
function_name ( [ argument [, ...] ] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...] )
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...] ) ]
and with_query is:
with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS ( select )
TABLE { [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] | with_query_name } \!: failed
\%s: could not change directory to "%s": %s
\%s: error
\%s: extra argument "%s" ignored
\%s: missing required argument
\connect: %s \copy: %s \copy: arguments required
\copy: parse error at "%s"
\copy: parse error at end of line
\copy: unexpected response (%d)
\df does not take a "w" option with server version %d.%d
\df only takes [antwS+] as options
\pset: allowed formats are unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, latex, troff-ms
\pset: unknown option: %s
abort the current transaction aborted because of read failure agg aggregate cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit canceled by user cannot locate temporary directory: %s change a database change a database role change a run-time parameter change role name or membership change the definition of a conversion change the definition of a domain change the definition of a foreign server change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper change the definition of a function change the definition of a procedural language change the definition of a schema change the definition of a sequence generator change the definition of a table change the definition of a tablespace change the definition of a text search configuration change the definition of a text search dictionary change the definition of a text search parser change the definition of a text search template change the definition of a trigger change the definition of a type change the definition of a user mapping change the definition of a view change the definition of an aggregate function change the definition of an index change the definition of an operator change the definition of an operator class change the definition of an operator family change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role child process exited with exit code %d child process exited with unrecognized status %d child process was terminated by exception 0x%X child process was terminated by signal %d child process was terminated by signal %s close a cursor cluster a table according to an index collect statistics about a database commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit commit the current transaction compute a set of rows connection to server was lost
contains support for command-line editing copy data between a file and a table could not change directory to "%s" could not find a "%s" to execute could not get current user name: %s
could not get home directory: %s
could not identify current directory: %s could not open temporary file "%s": %s
could not read binary "%s" could not read from input file: %s
could not read symbolic link "%s" could not save history to file "%s": %s
could not start /bin/sh
could not start editor "%s"
could not write COPY data: %s
create a new database create new rows in a table data type deallocate a prepared statement default %s define a cursor define a new aggregate function define a new cast define a new constraint trigger define a new data type define a new database role define a new domain define a new encoding conversion define a new foreign server define a new foreign-data wrapper define a new function define a new index define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server define a new operator define a new operator class define a new operator family define a new procedural language define a new rewrite rule define a new savepoint within the current transaction define a new schema define a new sequence generator define a new table define a new table from the results of a query define a new tablespace define a new text search configuration define a new text search dictionary define a new text search parser define a new text search template define a new trigger define a new view define access privileges define or change the comment of an object delete rows of a table destroy a previously defined savepoint discard session state empty a table or set of tables execute a prepared statement for table "%s.%s" force a transaction log checkpoint function garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database generate a notification history is not supported by this installation
immutable in assignment index invalid binary "%s" invalid command \%s
invalid output format (internal error): %d listen for a notification load a shared library file local socket lock a table no no query buffer
normal not null off on operator out of memory out of memory
position a cursor prepare a statement for execution prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit primary key, psql is the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
rebuild indexes remove a cast remove a conversion remove a data type remove a database remove a database role remove a domain remove a foreign server descriptor remove a foreign-data wrapper remove a function remove a procedural language remove a rewrite rule remove a schema remove a sequence remove a table remove a tablespace remove a text search configuration remove a text search dictionary remove a text search parser remove a text search template remove a trigger remove a user mapping for a foreign server remove a view remove access privileges remove an aggregate function remove an index remove an operator remove an operator class remove an operator family remove database objects owned by a database role restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value retrieve rows from a query using a cursor retrieve rows from a table or view roll back to a savepoint rule sequence set constraint checking modes for the current transaction set the characteristics of the current transaction set the current user identifier of the current session set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session show the execution plan of a statement show the value of a run-time parameter special stable start a transaction block stop listening for a notification table trigger trying to exit copy mode unique, update rows of a table view volatile window yes Project-Id-Version: PostgreSQL 8.3
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-08-29 22:39+0000
PO-Revision-Date: 2008-01-11 13:51+0800
Last-Translator: 郭朝益(ChaoYi, Kuo)
Language-Team: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Poedit-Language: Chinese
X-Poedit-Country: TAIWAN
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連線選項:
如需詳細資訊，請從 psql 中輸入 "\?"(用於內部指令) 或 "\help" (用於 SQL
指令)，或請參閱 PostgreSQL
文件的 psql 章節。
輸入和輸出選項:
輸出格式選項:
剖析器："%s"
剖析器："%s.%s" (選項：S = 顯示系統物件，+ = 其他詳細資料)
--help 顯示這份說明然後結束
--version 顯示版本資訊然後結束
-1 ("一"), --single-transaction
執行指令檔做為單一交易
-A, --no-align 使用非對齊資料表輸出模式
-E, --echo-hidden 顯示內部指令產生的查詢
-F, --field-separator=STRING
設定欄位分隔符號 (預設:"%s")
-H, --html HTML 表格輸出模式
-L, --log-file=FILENAME 將階段記錄傳送至檔案
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] 將列印選項 VAR 設為 ARG (請參閱 \pset 指令)
-R, --record-separator=STRING
設定記錄分隔符號 (預設: 換行符號)
-S, --single-line 單行模式 (一行就是一個 SQL 指令列)
-T, --table-attr=TEXT 設定 HTML 表格標記屬性 (例如 width、border)
-U, --username=USERNAME 資料庫使用者名稱 (預設:"%s")
-W, --password 強制詢問密碼(應該會自動詢問)
-X, --no-psqlrc 不要讀取啟動檔 (~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all 回饋所有來自指令檔的輸入
-c, --command=COMMAND 只執行單一指令 (SQL 或內部指令) 然後 結束。
-d, --dbname=DBNAME 指定要連線的資料庫名稱 (預設: "%s")
-e, --echo-queries 回饋傳送給伺服器的指令
-f, --file=FILENAME 從檔案中執行指令，然後結束
-h, --host=HOSTNAME 資料庫伺服器主機或通訊端目錄 (預設:"%s")
-l, --list 列出所有可用資料庫，然後結束
-n, --no-readline 關閉指令列加強編輯模式 (readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME 將查詢結果傳送至檔案 (或 | 管線)
-p, --port=PORT 資料庫伺服器埠號 (預設:"%s")
-q, --quiet 以安靜模式執行 (沒有訊息，只有查詢結果)
-s, --single-step 單步模式 (確認每個查詢)
-t, --tuples-only 只列印資料列
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
將 psql 變數 NAME 設為 VALUE
-w, --no-password 絕不提示密碼
-x, --expanded 開啟擴展資料表輸出
\! [COMMAND] 執行 shell 中的指令或啟動互動式 shell
\C [STRING] 設定資料表標題，如果沒有則不設定
\H 切換 HTML 輸出模式 (目前是 %s)
\T [STRING] 設定 HTML 標記屬性，如果沒有則不設定
\a 在非對齊和對齊輸出模式之間切換
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]
連線至新資料庫 (目前是 "%s")
\cd [DIR] 變更目前的工作目錄
\copy ... 執行 SQL COPY，將資料流傳送至用戶端 主機
\copyright 顯示 PostgreSQL 的使用和發行條款
\dC [PATTERN] 列出型別轉換
\dD[S] [PATTERN] 列出可用域
\dF[+] [PATTERN] 列出文本搜尋組態
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] 列出文本搜尋字典
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] 列出文本搜尋解譯器
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] 列出文本搜尋樣板
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] 列出資料型別
\d[S+] 列出資料表、視圖和序列
\d[S+] NAME 描述資料表、視圖、序列或索引
\da[+] [PATTERN] 列出彙總
\db[+] [PATTERN] 列出資料表空間
\dc[S] [PATTERN] 列出轉換
\dd[S] [PATTERN] 顯示物件的註解
\des[+] [PATTERN] 列出外部伺服器
\deu[+] [PATTERN] 列出使用者對應
\dew[+] [PATTERN] 列出外部資料包裝函式
\df[antw][S+] [PATRN] 列出 [只列出彙總/一般/觸發程序/視窗] 函式
\dg[+] [PATTERN] 列出角色 (群組)
\di[S+] [PATTERN] 列出索引
\dl 列出大型物件，與 \lo_list 相同
\dn[+] [PATTERN] 列出綱要
\do[S] [PATTERN] 列出運算子
\dp [PATTERN] 列出資料表、視圖和序列的存取權限
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] 列出序列
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] 列出資料表
\du[+] [PATTERN] 列出角色 (使用者)
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] 列出視圖
\e [FILE] 使用外部編輯器編輯查詢緩衝區 (或檔案)
\echo [STRING] 將字串寫至標準輸出
\ef [FUNCNAME] 使用外部編輯器編輯函式定義
\encoding [ENCODING] 顯示或設定用戶端編碼
\f [STRING] 顯示或設定非對齊查詢輸出的欄位分隔符號
\g [FILE] 或 ; 執行查詢 (並將結果傳送至檔案或 | 管線)
\h [NAME] SQL 指令語法說明，用 * 顯示全部 指令說明
\i FILE 從檔案中執行指令
\l[+] 列出所有資料庫
\lo_export LOBOID FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID 大型物件運算子
\o [FILE] 將所有查詢結果傳送至檔案或 | 管線
\p 顯示查詢緩衝區的內容
\password [USERNAME] 安全地變更使用者密碼
\prompt [TEXT] NAME 提示使用者設定內部變數
\pset NAME [VALUE] 設定資料表輸出選項
(NAME：= {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\q 結束 psql
\qecho [STRING] 將字串寫至查詢輸出串流 (請參閱 \o)
\r 重置 (清空) 查詢緩衝區
\s [FILE] 顯示歷史記錄或將它儲存至檔案
\set [NAME [VALUE]] 設定內部變數，如果沒有參數則列出所有變數
\t [on|off] 只顯示資料列 (目前是 %s)
\timing [on|off] 切換指令計時開關 (目前是 %s)
\unset NAME 取消設定 (刪除) 內部變數
\w FILE 將查詢緩衝區寫至檔案
\x [on|off] 切換擴展輸出模式 (目前是 %s)
\z [PATTERN] 與 \dp 相同
psql [OPTION]...[DBNAME [USERNAME]]
用戶 "%s" 埠號 "%s" 在 "%s" 主機上 %d 連線 %s %s (%s，伺服器 %s)
%s: %s
%s：無法從目錄複製或複製到目錄
%s：無法刪除變數 "%s"
%s：無法開啟日誌檔 "%s"：%s
%s：無法設定列印參數 "%s"
%s：無法設定變數 "%s"
%s：目前的交易被中止
%s：無效的編碼名稱或找不到轉換程序
%s：尚未與資料庫連線
%s：pg_strdup : 無法複製空指標 (內部錯誤)
%s：不明交易狀態
%s：警告：忽略多餘的命令列參數 "%s"
(%lu 筆資料列) (無資料列)
***(單步(Single step)模式：驗證命令)*******************************************
%s
***(按 Enter 鍵繼續或鍵入 x 來取消)********************
********* 查詢 **********
%s
**************************
, 已叢集 , 無效的 , 敘述 (%s) ，資料表空間 "%s" ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE 名稱 ( 型別 [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO 新_名稱
ALTER AGGREGATE 名稱 ( 型別 [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO 新_擁有者
ALTER AGGREGATE 名稱 ( 型別 [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA 新_架構模式 ALTER CONVERSION 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER CONVERSION 名稱 OWNER TO 新擁有者 ALTER DATABASE 名稱 [ [ WITH ] 選項 [ ...] ]
其中「選項」可以是:
CONNECTION LIMIT 連線限制
ALTER DATABASE 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER DATABASE 名稱 OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DATABASE 名稱 SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace
ALTER DATABASE 名稱 SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE 名稱 SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER DATABASE 名稱 RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER DATABASE 名稱 RESET ALL ALTER DOMAIN 名稱
{ SET DEFAULT 運算式 | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN 名稱
{ SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN 名稱
ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN 名稱
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER DOMAIN 名稱
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DOMAIN 名稱
SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 名稱
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] 選項 ['值'] [, ...]) ]
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 名稱 OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION 名稱 ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...]] )
動作 [ ...] [ RESTRICT ]
ALTER FUNCTION 名稱 ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...]] )
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION 名稱 ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...]] )
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION 名稱 ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...]] )
SET SCHEMA new_schema
其中「動作」是下列其中一項:
CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
[ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
COST execution_cost
ROWS result_rows
SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }
SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL ALTER GROUP 群組名稱 ADD USER 用戶名稱 [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP 群組名稱 DROP USER 用戶名稱 [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP 群組名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱 ALTER INDEX 名稱 RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX 名稱 SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX 名稱 SET ( storage_parameter = 值 [, ...] )
ALTER INDEX 名稱 RESET ( storage_parameter [, ...] ) ALTER OPERATOR CLASS 名稱 USING index_method RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS 名稱 USING index_method OWNER TO 新擁有者 ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 名稱 USING index_method ADD
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name ( op_type, op_type )
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...])
} [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 名稱 USING index_method DROP
{ OPERATOR strategy_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
| FUNCTION support_number ( op_type [ , op_type ] )
} [, ...]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 名稱 USING index_method RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 名稱 USING index_method OWNER TO 新擁有者 ALTER OPERATOR 名稱 ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO newowner ALTER ROLE 名稱 [ [ WITH ] 選項 [ ...] ]
其中「選項」可以是:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '密碼'
| VALID UNTIL '時標'
ALTER ROLE 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER ROLE 名稱 SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE 名稱 SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE 名稱 RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE 名稱 RESET ALL ALTER SCHEMA 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER SCHEMA 名稱 OWNER TO 新擁有者 ALTER SEQUENCE 名稱 [ INCREMENT [ BY ] 增量 ]
[ MINVALUE 最小值 | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE 最大值 | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] 開始 ]
[ RESTART [ [ WITH ] 重新開始 ] ]
[ CACHE 快取 ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { table.column | NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE 名稱 OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER SEQUENCE 名稱 RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SEQUENCE 名稱 SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER SERVER 伺服器名稱 [ VERSION '新版本' ]
[ OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] 選項 ['值'] [, ...] ) ]
ALTER SERVER 伺服器名稱 OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] 名稱 [ * ]
動作 [, ...]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] 名稱 [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE 名稱
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE 名稱
SET SCHEMA new_schema
其中「動作」是下列其中一項:
ADD [ COLUMN ] 資料行型別 [column_constraint [ ...] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] 資料行 [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 資料行 [ SET DATA ] TYPE 型別 [ USING 運算式 ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 資料行 SET DEFAULT 運算式
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 資料行 DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 資料行 { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 資料行 SET STATISTICS 整數
ALTER [ COLUMN ] 資料行 SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
DISABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE TRIGGER [ trigger_name | ALL | USER ]
ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name
ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name
DISABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE REPLICA RULE rewrite_rule_name
ENABLE ALWAYS RULE rewrite_rule_name
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITH OIDS
SET WITHOUT OIDS
SET ( storage_parameter = value [, ...] )
RESET ( storage_parameter [, ...] )
INHERIT parent_table
NO INHERIT parent_table
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE new_tablespace ALTER TABLESPACE 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER TABLESPACE 名稱 OWNER TO 新擁有者 ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名稱
ADD MAPPING FOR token_type [, ...] WITH 字典名稱 [, ...]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名稱
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ...] WITH 字典名稱 [, ...]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名稱
ALTER MAPPING REPLACE old_dictionary WITH new_dictionary
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名稱
ALTER MAPPING FOR token_type [, ...] REPLACE 舊字典 WITH 新字典
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名稱
DROP MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR token_type [, ...]
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名稱 OWNER TO 新擁有者 ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 名稱 (
選項 [ = 值 ] [, ...]
)
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 名稱 OWNER TO 新擁有者 ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱 ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱 ALTER TRIGGER 名稱 ON 資料表 RENAME TO 新名稱 ALTER TYPE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TYPE 名稱 OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER TYPE 名稱 SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER USER MAPPING FOR { 使用者名稱 | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER 伺服器名稱
OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] 選項 ['值'] [, ...] ) ALTER USER 名稱 [ [ WITH ] 選項 [ ... ] ]
在選項的地方可以是：
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '密碼'
| VALID UNTIL '時間截記'
ALTER USER 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER USER 名稱 SET 組態_參數 { TO | = } { 值 | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER 名稱 SET 組態_參數 FROM CURRENT
ALTER USER 名稱 RESET 組態_參數
ALTER USER 名稱 RESET ALL ALTER VIEW 名稱 ALTER [ COLUMN ] 資料行 SET DEFAULT 運算式
ALTER VIEW 名稱 ALTER [ COLUMN ] 資料行 DROP DEFAULT
ALTER VIEW 名稱 OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER VIEW 名稱 RENAME TO new_name
ALTER VIEW 名稱 SET SCHEMA new_schema ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 名稱 RENAME TO 新名稱
ALTER [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 名稱 OWNER TO 新_擁有者 ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ 資料表 [ ( 欄位 [, ...] ) ] ] 存取權限 參數資料型別 收到來自伺服器 "%s" 進程 PID %d 非同步通知。
屬性 可用的說明：
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...]]
其中 transaction_mode 是下列其中一項:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY 邊界風格是 %d。
CHECKPOINT CLOSE { 名稱 | ALL } CLUSTER [VERBOSE] 資料表名稱 [ USING 索引名稱 ]
CLUSTER [VERBOSE] COMMENT ON
{
TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...]) |
CAST (來源類型 AS 目標類型) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FUNCTION func_name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...]] ) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
OPERATOR FAMILY object_name USING index_method |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
ROLE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TABLESPACE object_name |
TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION object_name |
TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY object_name |
TEXT SEARCH PARSER object_name |
TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name
} IS '文字' COMMIT PREPARED 事務交易_編號 COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY 資料轉換失敗：%s COPY 資料表名稱 [ ( 資料行 [, ...]) ]
FROM { '檔案名稱' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] '分隔符號' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null 字串' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] '引號' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] '逸出字元' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL 資料行 [, ...]]
COPY { 資料表名稱 [ ( 資料行 [, ...]) ] | ( 查詢 ) }
TO { '檔案名稱' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] '分隔符號' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null 字串' ]
[ CSV [ HEADER ]
[ QUOTE [ AS ] '引號' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] '逸出字元' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE 資料行 [, ...]] CREATE AGGREGATE 名稱 ( input_data_type [ , ...] ) (
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
)
或舊語法
CREATE AGGREGATE 名稱 (
BASETYPE = base_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
[ , SORTOP = sort_operator ]
) CREATE CAST (來源類型 AS 目標類型)
WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (來源類型 AS 目標類型)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (來源類型 AS 目標類型)
WITH INOUT
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER 名稱
AFTER 事件 [ OR ...]
ON table_name
[ FROM referenced_table_name ]
{ NOT DEFERRABLE | [ DEFERRABLE ] { INITIALLY IMMEDIATE | INITIALLY DEFERRED } }
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( 參數 ) CREATE DATABASE 名稱
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] 資料庫擁有者 ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] 樣板 ]
[ ENCODING [=] 編碼 ]
[ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ]
[ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] 資料表空間 ]
[ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ] CREATE DOMAIN 名稱 [ AS ] data_type
[ DEFAULT 運算式 ]
[ 限制 [ ...] ]
其中「運算式」是:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (運算式) } CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER 名稱
[ VALIDATOR valfunction | NO VALIDATOR ]
[ OPTIONS ( 選項 '值' [, ...] ) ] CREATE GROUP 名稱 [ [ WITH ] 選項 [ ...] ]
其中「選項」可以是:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '密碼'
| VALID UNTIL '時標'
| IN ROLE 角色名稱 [, ...]
| IN GROUP 角色名稱 [, ...]
| ROLE 角色名稱 [, ...]
| ADMIN 角色名稱 [, ...]
| USER 角色名稱 [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE OPERATOR CLASS 名稱 [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type
USING index_method [ FAMILY family_name ] AS
{ OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ]
| FUNCTION support_number [ ( op_type [ , op_type ] ) ] funcname ( argument_type [, ...])
| STORAGE storage_type
} [, ...] CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY 名稱 USING 索引_方式 CREATE OPERATOR 名稱 (
PROCEDURE = funcname
[, LEFTARG = lefttype ] [, RIGHTARG = righttype ]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ]
[, HASHES ] [, MERGES ]
) CREATE ROLE 名稱 [ [ WITH ] 選項 [ ... ] ]
在選項的地方可以是：
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT 連線限制
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '密碼'
| VALID UNTIL '時間截記'
| IN ROLE 角色名稱 [, ...]
| IN GROUP 角色名稱 [, ...]
| ROLE 角色名稱 [, ...]
| ADMIN 角色名稱 [, ...]
| USER 角色名稱 [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE SCHEMA 架構模式名稱 [ AUTHORIZATION 用戶名稱 ] [ 架構模式_元素 [ ... ] ]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION 用戶名稱 [ 架構模式_元素 [ ... ] ] CREATE SERVER 伺服器名稱 [ TYPE '伺服器類型' ] [ VERSION '伺服器版本' ]
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname
[ OPTIONS ( 選項 '值' [, ...] ) ] CREATE TABLESPACE 表空間名稱 [ OWNER 用戶名稱 ] LOCATION 'directory' CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION 名稱 (
PARSER = parser_name |
COPY = source_config
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY 名稱 (
TEMPLATE = 樣板
[, 選項 = 值 [, ...]]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER 名稱 (
START = start_function ,
GETTOKEN = gettoken_function ,
END = end_function ,
LEXTYPES = lextypes_function
[, HEADLINE = headline_function ]
) CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE 名稱 (
[ INIT = init_function , ]
LEXIZE = lexize_function
) CREATE TRIGGER 名稱 { BEFORE | AFTER } { 事件 [ OR ... ] }
ON 資料表 [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE 函數名稱 ( 引數 ) CREATE TYPE 名稱 AS
( attribute_name data_type [, ...] )
CREATE TYPE 名稱 AS ENUM
( '標籤' [, ...] )
CREATE TYPE 名稱 (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[ , RECEIVE = receive_function ]
[ , SEND = send_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
[ , TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
[ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ]
[ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internallength | VARIABLE } ]
[ , PASSEDBYVALUE ]
[ , ALIGNMENT = 對齊 ]
[ , STORAGE = 儲存 ]
[ , LIKE = like_type ]
[ , CATEGORY = 種類 ]
[ , PREFERRED = 慣用 ]
[ , DEFAULT = 預設 ]
[ , ELEMENT = 元素 ]
[ , DELIMITER = 分隔符號 ]
)
CREATE TYPE 名稱 CREATE USER MAPPING FOR { 使用者名稱 | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC }
SERVER 伺服器名稱
[ OPTIONS ( 選項 ['值' [ , ...] ) ] CREATE USER 名稱 [ [ WITH ] 選項 [ ... ] ]
在選項的地方可以是：
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT 連線限制
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '密碼'
| VALID UNTIL '時間截記'
| IN ROLE 角色名稱 [, ...]
| IN GROUP 角色名稱 [, ...]
| ROLE 角色名稱 [, ...]
| ADMIN 角色名稱 [, ...]
| USER 角色名稱 [, ...]
| SYSID uid CREATE [ DEFAULT ] CONVERSION 名稱
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM funcname CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
名稱 ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...]] )
[ RETURNS rettype
| RETURNS TABLE ( colname coltype [, ...]) ]
{ LANGUAGE 語言名稱
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| COST execution_cost
| ROWS result_rows
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS '定義'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( 屬性 [, ...]) ] CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE 名稱 AS ON 事件
TO 資料表 [ WHERE 條件 ]
DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | 指令 | ( 指令 ; 指令 ...) } CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW 名稱 [ ( 欄位_名稱 [, ...] ) ]
AS 查詢 CREATE [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 名稱
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE 名稱
HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR valfunction ] CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE 名稱 [ INCREMENT [ BY ] 增量]
[ MINVALUE 最小值 | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE 最大值 | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ START [ WITH ] 開始 ] [ CACHE 快取 ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
[ OWNED BY { 資料表.資料行 | NONE } ] CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] 名稱 ON 資料表 [ USING 方法 ]
( { 資料行 | ( 運算式 ) } [ 運算子類別 ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...])
[ WITH ( storage_parameter = 值 [, ...] ) ]
[ TABLESPACE 資料表空間 ]
[ WHERE 述詞 ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name
[ (column_name [, ...]) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= 值] [, ...] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE 資料表空間 ]
AS 查詢
[ WITH [ NO ] DATA ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( [
{ column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ...] ]
| table_constraint
| LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES } ] ...}
[, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ...] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= 值] [, ...] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE 資料表空間 ]
其中 column_constraint 是:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
NULL |
UNIQUE index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY 索引參數 |
CHECK ( 運算式 ) |
REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
[ ON DELETE 動作 ] [ ON UPDATE 動作 ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
table_constraint 是:
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ UNIQUE ( column_name [, ...] ) index_parameters |
PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ...] ) index_parameters |
CHECK ( 運算式 ) |
FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ...] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ...] ) ]
[ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE 動作 ] [ ON UPDATE 動作 ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
UNIQUE 和 PRIMARY KEY 限制中的 index_parameters 是:
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= 值] [, ...] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE 資料表空間 ] 無法將資料格新增至資料表內容: 超過資料格總計 %d。
無法將標題新增至資料表內容: 超過資料行計數 %d。
無法登入 檢查 檢查約束限制 定序 欄位 資料行存取權限 命令： %s
描述： %s
語法：
%s
合成型別 "%s.%s" 連線
建立 DB 建立角色 轉換型別 DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { 名稱 | ALL } DECLARE 名稱 [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ]
CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR 查詢 DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] 資料表 [ [ AS ] 別名 ]
[ USING usinglist ]
[ WHERE 條件 | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]] DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP } DROP AGGREGATE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 ( 型別 [ , ... ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST [ IF EXISTS ] (來源型別 AS 目標型別) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 DROP DOMAIN [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 ( [ [ 引數模式 ] [ 引數名稱 ] 引數型別 [, ...] ] )
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 USING 索引_方式 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 USING 索引_方式 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 ( { 左側資料型別 | NONE } , { 左側資料型別 | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OWNED BY 名稱 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP ROLE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] DROP RULE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 ON 關聯 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] 伺服器名稱 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE [ IF EXISTS ] 表空間名稱 DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 ON 資料表 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER MAPPING [ IF EXISTS ] FOR { 使用者名稱 | USER | CURRENT_USER | PUBLIC } SERVER 伺服器名稱 DROP USER [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] DROP VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE [ IF EXISTS ] 名稱 [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 關閉預設步進器(Footer)。 打開預設步進器(Footer)。 預設？ 描述 目的地 字典 沒有找到任何名稱為 "%s" 的關聯。
沒有找到任何OID為 %s 的關聯。
沒有找到任何命名為 "%s" 的文本搜尋組態。
沒有找到任何命名為 "%s" 的文本剖析器。
已停用規則： 停用觸發器： END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE 名稱 [ ( 參數 [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] 敘述 元素 字元編碼 結束剖析 輸入要複製的資料並且換行。
在獨立的一行上輸入一個反斜線和一個句點結束。 再次鍵入： 輸入新的密碼： 擴展顯示已關閉。
擴展顯示已打開。
FETCH [ 方向 { FROM | IN } ] 指標名稱
其中「方向」可以空白或是下列其中一項:
NEXT
PRIOR
FIRST
LAST
ABSOLUTE 計數
RELATIVE 計數
計數
ALL
FORWARD
FORWARD 計數
FORWARD ALL
BACKWARD
BACKWARD 計數
BACKWARD ALL 失敗。
欄位分隔符號是 "%s"。
外部資料包裝函式 外部鍵(FK)限制： 格式化
函數 GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...]| ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] 資料表名稱 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( 資料行 [, ...])
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( 資料行 [, ...]) }
ON [ TABLE ] 資料表名稱 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...]| ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE 序列名稱 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...]| ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE 資料庫名稱 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER 伺服器名稱 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...]] ) [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE 語言名稱 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [,...]| ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA 綱要名稱 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE 資料表空間名稱 [, ...]
TO { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...][ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT 角色 [, ...]TO 角色名稱 [, ...][ WITH ADMIN OPTION ] 一般性
一般選項:
取得首行 取得下一個標誌符 取得標誌符型別 有 OIDs ID INSERT INTO 資料表 [ ( 資料行 [, ...]) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { 運算式 | DEFAULT } [, ...]) [, ...] | 查詢 }
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]] 隱含的? 索引 "%s.%s" 索引： 資訊性
繼承 初始化 初始選項 輸入/輸出
內部名稱 已中斷
無效的命令 \%s，用 \? 顯示說明。
LISTEN 名稱 LOAD '檔案名稱' LOCK [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] 名稱 [, ...][ IN 鎖定模式 MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
其中「鎖定模式」是下列其中一項:
ACCESS SHARE | ROW SHARE | ROW EXCLUSIVE | SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE
| SHARE | SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE | EXCLUSIVE | ACCESS EXCLUSIVE 程序語言 大型物件
大型物件 左參數型別 Lexize 聚集函數列表 型別轉換列表 字元編碼轉換列表 資料型別列表 資料庫列表 共同值域列表 外部伺服器列表 外部資料包裝函式列表 函數列表 運算子列表 關聯列表 角色列表 架構模式列表 表空間列表 文本搜尋組態列表 文本搜尋字典列表 文本剖析器列表 文本搜尋樣式列表 使用者對應列表 區域調整後的數字輸出已關閉。 所在地 MOVE [ 方向 { FROM | IN } ] 指標名稱 成員屬於 方法 修飾詞 修飾詞 NOTIFY 名稱 名稱 沒有變更 無連線 沒有 "%-.*s" 的說明。
嘗試用不帶參數的 \h 來顯示目前可用的說明。
無繼承 沒有找到符合的關聯。
找不到關聯。
"%s" 是空值顯示。
物件 物件描述 作業系統
選項 輸出格式是 %s。
擁有者 PREPARE TRANSACTION 事務交易_編號 PREPARE 名稱 [ ( 資料型別 [, ...] ) ] AS 敘述句 總是使用分頁器。 顯示大量資料時使用分頁器。 不使用分頁器。 密碼加密失敗.
用戶 %s 密碼： 密碼： Passwords didn't match.
保留上一次連線
查詢緩存區
查詢緩存區是空的。 查詢緩存區重置(清空)。 REASSIGN OWNED BY 舊_角色 [, ...] TO 新_角色 REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } 名稱 [ FORCE ] RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] 儲存點名稱 RESET 組態_參數
RESET ALL REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[,...]| ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON [ TABLE ] 資料表名稱 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( 資料行 [, ...])
[,...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( 資料行 [, ...]) }
ON [ TABLE ] 資料表名稱 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[,...]| ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCE 序列名稱 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [,...]| ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE 資料庫名稱 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER fdwname [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER 伺服器名稱 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [, ...]] ) [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE 語言名稱 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [,...]| ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA 綱要名稱 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE 資料表空間名稱 [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] 角色名稱 | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
角色 [, ...]FROM 角色名稱 [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] ROLLBACK PREPARED 事務交易_編號 ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] 儲存點_名稱 記錄分隔符號是 "%s"。
記錄分隔符號是 。 參考者: 回報錯誤至。
結果資料型別 結果型別 右參數型別 角色名稱 永遠引發規則: 只在複本引發規則: 規則： SAVEPOINT 儲存點_名稱 SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | 名稱 [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION 事務交易_模式 [, ...]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION 事務交易_模式 [, ...]
在事務交易_模式的地方可以是一個：
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE 角色名稱
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION 用戶名稱
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] 組態_參數器 { TO | = } { 值 | '值' | DEFAULT }
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { 時區 | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SHOW 名稱
SHOW ALL SSL 連線 (密文: %s，位元: %i)
SSL 連線 (不明密文)
START TRANSACTION [ 事務交易_模式 [, ...] ]
在事務交易_模式的地方可以是一個：
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY 架構模式 序列數 "%s.%s" 伺服器 顯示區域調整後的數字輸出。 只顯示 Tuples。 大小 來源 原始程式 來源型別 特殊關聯 "%s.%s" 開始剖析 儲存 完成。
超級用戶 TOAST 資料表 "%s.%s" TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] 名稱 [, ...]
[ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] 資料表 資料表 "%s.%s" 資料表屬性是 "%s"。
未設置資料表屬性。
表空間 表空間："%s" 目標型別 "wrapped" 格式的目標寬度是 %d。
模版 文本搜尋組態 "%s" 文本搜尋組態 "%s.%s" 文本搜尋剖析器 "%s" 文本搜尋剖析器 "%s.%s" 與伺服器的連線已遺失，嘗試重置: 伺服器 (版本 %d.%d) 不支援外部伺服器。
伺服器 (版本 %d.%d) 不支援外部資料包裝函式。
伺服器 (版本 %d.%d) 不支援文本搜尋。
伺服器 (版本 %d.%d) 不支援 ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK 的儲存點。
伺服器 (版本 %d.%d) 不支援資料表空間。
伺服器 (版本 %d.%d) 不支援使用者對應。
時間：%.3f ms
停止計時功能. 啟用計時功能. 標題是 "%s"。
無標題。
標誌符 標誌名稱 標誌符型別給剖析器 "%s" 標誌符別型給剖析器 "%s.%s" 永遠引發觸發程序: 只在複本引發觸發程序: 觸發器： 嘗試 "%s --help" 以得到更多資訊。
關閉只顯示 Tuples。 型別 輸入 "help" 顯示說明。
輸入: \copyright 顯示發行條款
\h 顯示 SQL 指令的說明
\? 顯示 psql 指令的說明
\g 或者以分號 (;) 結尾以執行查詢
\q 結束
UNLISTEN { 名稱 | * } UPDATE [ ONLY ] 資料表 [ [ AS ] 別名 ]
SET { 資料行 = { 運算式 | DEFAULT } |
( 資料行 [, ...]) = ( { 運算式 | DEFAULT } [, ...]) } [, ...]
[ FROM 來源清單 ]
[ WHERE 條件 | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]] 使用方法:
使用 "\q" 離開 %s。
使用者名稱 VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ 資料表 ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] ANALYZE [ 資料表 [ (欄位 [, ...] ) ] ] VALUES ( 運算式 [, ...]) [, ...]
[ ORDER BY sort_expression [ ASC | DESC | USING 運算子 ] [, ...]]
[ LIMIT { 計數 | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET 開始 [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ 計數 ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ] 驗證程式 值 變數
版本 視觀表 "%s.%s" 視圖定義: 揮發性 警告: %s 版本 %d.%d，伺服器版本 %d.%d。
某些 psql 功能可能無法運作。
警告: 主控台字碼頁 (%u) 不同於 Windows 字碼頁 (%u)
8 位元字元可能無法正常運作。請參閱 psql 參考
頁 "Windows 使用者注意事項" 取得更多資訊。
書寫歷程到檔案 "%s/%s".
你目前沒有與資料庫連線。
您現在已經連線到資料庫 "%s"。 您正在使用 PostgreSQL 指令列介面 psql。 [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...]]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( 運算式 [, ...]) ] ]
* | 運算式 [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table
[ FROM from_item [, ...]]
[ WHERE 條件 ]
[ GROUP BY 運算式 [, ...]]
[ HAVING 條件 [, ...]]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...]]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] 選取 ]
[ ORDER BY 運算式 [ ASC | DESC | USING 運算子 ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...]]
[ LIMIT { 計數 | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET 開始 [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ 計數 ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...]] [ NOWAIT ] [...]] [ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...]]
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( 運算式 [, ...]) ] ]
* | 運算式 [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...]
[ FROM 來源項目 [, ...]]
[ WHERE 條件 ]
[ GROUP BY 運算式 [, ...]]
[ HAVING 條件 [, ...]]
[ WINDOW window_name AS ( window_definition ) [, ...]]
[ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] 選取 ]
[ ORDER BY 運算式 [ ASC | DESC | USING 運算子 ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...]]
[ LIMIT { 計數 | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET 開始 [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ 計數 ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
[ FOR { UPDATE | SHARE } [ OF table_name [, ...]] [ NOWAIT ] [...]]
其中 from_item 可以是下列其中一項:
[ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] 別名 [ ( column_alias [, ...]) ] ]
( 選取 ) [ AS ] 別名 [ ( column_alias [, ...]) ]
with_query_name [ [ AS ] 別名 [ ( column_alias [, ...]) ] ]
function_name ( [ 參數 [, ...]] ) [ AS ] 別名 [ ( column_alias [, ...]| column_definition [, ...]) ]
function_name ( [ 參數 [, ...]] ) AS ( column_definition [, ...])
from_item [ NATURAL ] join_type from_item [ ON join_condition | USING ( join_column [, ...]) ]
且 with_query 是:
with_query_name [ ( column_name [, ...]) ] AS ( 選取 )
TABLE { [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] | with_query_name } \!：失敗
\%s: 無法切換目錄至 "%s": %s
\%s：錯誤
\%s：忽略多餘的參數 "%s"
\%s：缺少所需參數
\連線：%s \copy：%s \copy：需要參數
\copy：在 "%s" 發生解讀錯誤
\copy：在行尾發生解讀錯誤
\copy：意外回應 (%d)
\df 不接受 "w" 選項搭配伺服器版本 %d.%d
\df 只接受 [antwS+] 做為選項
\pset: 允許的格式是 unaligned、aligned、wrapped、html、latex、troff-ms
\pset: 不明選項: %s
中止目前的交易 因讀取失敗已被中止 彙總 聚集函數 取消先前為兩階段認可準備的交易 依用戶取消 找不到暫存目錄：%s 更改一個資料庫 變更資料庫角色 更改一個執行時期參數 更改角色名稱或會員 更改一個字元編碼轉換的定義 更改共同值域的定義 變更外部伺服器的定義 變更外部資料包裝函式的定義 更改函數的定義 更改程序語言的定義 更改架構模式的定義 更改序列數產生器的定義 更改資料表的定義 更改表空間的定義 更改一個文本搜尋組態的定義 更改一個文本搜尋字典的定義 更改一個文本搜尋剖析器的定義 更改一個文本搜尋模版的定義 更改觸發器的定義 更改資料型別的定義 變更使用者對應的定義 更改視觀表的定義 更改聚集函數的定義 更改索引的定義 更改運算子的定義 更改運算子類別的定義 更改一個運算子家族的識別 依照一個資料庫角色擁有的資料庫物件來更變所有權 子進程結束，結束代碼 %d 子進程結束，不明狀態代碼 %d 子進程被例外(exception) 0x%X 終止 子進程被信號 %d 終止 子進程被信號 %s 終止 關閉 cursor 叢集一個資料表根據一個索引 關於資料庫的收集統計 提交一項事務交易這是兩階段提交的先前準備 確認目前的事物交易 計算一個資料列的集合 與資料庫的連線遺失
包含命令列編輯支援 在檔案和資料表間複製資料 無法切換目錄至 "%s" 未能找到一個 "%s" 來執行 無法取得目前的用戶名稱：%s
無法取得 home 目錄：%s
無法識別目前的目錄：%s 無法開啟暫存檔 "%s": %s
無法讀取二進制碼 "%s" 無法從輸入檔案讀取：%s
無法讀取符號連結 "%s" 無法將歷史記錄儲存到 "%s"：%s
無法啟動 /bin/sh
無法啟動編輯器 "%s"
無法寫入 COPY 資料：%s
建立新的資料庫 在資料表中建立資料 資料型別 釋放一個已預備好的敘述區塊 預設值 %s 建立一個 cursor 定義一個新的聚集函數 建立新的型別轉換 定義一個新的約束限制觸發器 建立新的資料型別 定義一個新資料庫角色 建立新的共同值域 定義一個新的字元編碼轉換 定義新的外部伺服器 定義新的外部資料包裝函式 建立新的函數 建立新的索引 定義使用者至外部伺服器的新對應 建立新的運算子 建立新的運算子類別 定義一個新的運算子家族 建立新的程序語言 建立新的重寫規則 在目前的事物交易中建立新的儲存點(Savepoint) 建立新的架構模式 建立新的序列數產生器 建立新的資料表 以查詢結果建立新的資料表 建立新的表空間 定義一個新文本搜尋組態 定義一個新文本搜尋字典 定義一個新文本搜尋剖析器 定義一個新文本搜尋模版 建立新的觸發器 建立新的視觀表 建立存取權限 定義或更改一個物件的註解 刪除資料表中的資料列 刪除先前建立的儲存點(Savepoint) 拋棄 session 狀態 空的資料表或資料表設置 執行一個已準備好的敘述區塊 給資料表 "%s.%s" 強制事物交易日誌檢查點 函數 垃圾收集(GC)並選擇性的分析資料庫 產生通告 這個安裝不支援命令記錄
不可變 在指派中 索引 無效的二進制碼 "%s" 無效的命令 \%s
無效的輸出格式 (內部錯誤): %d 等待通知 載入共用程式庫檔案 本地接口 鎖住資料表 否 沒有查詢緩存區
一般 非 Null 關閉 開啟 運算子 記憶體用盡 記憶體用盡
移動游標位置 預先編譯敘述以執行 預備當前事務交易的二段式提交 主鍵(PK), psql 是 PostgreSQL 文字模式介面。
重新建構索引 移除一個型別轉換 移除一個字元編碼轉換 移除資料型別 移除資料庫 移除一個資料庫成員 移除一個共同值域 移除外部伺服器描述子 移除外部資料包裝函式 移除函數 移除一個程序語言 移除一個重寫規則 移除一個架構模式 移除序列數 移除資料表 移除一個表空間 移除一個文本搜尋組態 移除一個文本搜尋字典 移除一個文本搜尋剖析器 移除一個文本搜尋模版 移除觸發器 移除外部伺服器的使用者對應 移除一個視觀表 移除存取權限 移除一個聚集函數 移除一個索引 移除運算子 移除一個運算子類別 移除一個運算子家族 依照一個資料庫角色擁有的資料庫物件來移除 將執行時期參數還原成預設值 從使用 cursor 的查詢讀取資料 從資料表或視觀表讀取資料 還原至一個儲存點(Savepoint) 規則 序列數 設定約束限制檢查模式給目前的事務交易 設定目前事物交易屬性 設置當前 session 的當前用戶的身份標識 設定階段使用者識別字以及目前階段的目前使用者 識別字 顯示一個敘述區塊的執行計劃 顯示執行時期的參數值 特殊 穩定 開始一個事物交易區塊 停止傾聽通告 資料表 觸發器 正在嘗試結束複製模式 唯一的, 更新資料表中的資料列 視觀表 volatile 視窗 是