# -*- Mode: cperl; coding: utf-8; cperl-indent-level: 4 -*-
# vim: ts=4 sts=4 sw=4:
use strict;
package CPAN;
$CPAN::VERSION = '1.9402';
$CPAN::VERSION =~ s/_//;
# we need to run chdir all over and we would get at wrong libraries
# there
use File::Spec ();
BEGIN {
if (File::Spec->can("rel2abs")) {
for my $inc (@INC) {
$inc = File::Spec->rel2abs($inc) unless ref $inc;
}
}
}
use CPAN::Author;
use CPAN::HandleConfig;
use CPAN::Version;
use CPAN::Bundle;
use CPAN::CacheMgr;
use CPAN::Complete;
use CPAN::Debug;
use CPAN::Distribution;
use CPAN::Distrostatus;
use CPAN::FTP;
use CPAN::Index 1.93; # https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=43349
use CPAN::InfoObj;
use CPAN::Module;
use CPAN::Prompt;
use CPAN::URL;
use CPAN::Queue;
use CPAN::Tarzip;
use CPAN::DeferredCode;
use CPAN::Shell;
use CPAN::LWP::UserAgent;
use CPAN::Exception::RecursiveDependency;
use CPAN::Exception::yaml_not_installed;
use Carp ();
use Config ();
use Cwd qw(chdir);
use DirHandle ();
use Exporter ();
use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw(prompt); # for some unknown reason,
# 5.005_04 does not work without
# this
use File::Basename ();
use File::Copy ();
use File::Find;
use File::Path ();
use FileHandle ();
use Fcntl qw(:flock);
use Safe ();
use Sys::Hostname qw(hostname);
use Text::ParseWords ();
use Text::Wrap ();
# protect against "called too early"
sub find_perl ();
sub anycwd ();
sub _uniq;
no lib ".";
require Mac::BuildTools if $^O eq 'MacOS';
if ($ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING} && $$ != $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING}) {
$ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING_IN_RECURSION} ||= $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING};
my @rec = _uniq split(/,/, $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING_IN_RECURSION}), $$;
$ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING_IN_RECURSION} = join ",", @rec;
# warn "# Note: Recursive call of CPAN.pm detected\n";
my $w = sprintf "# Note: CPAN.pm is running in process %d now", pop @rec;
my %sleep = (
5 => 30,
6 => 60,
7 => 120,
);
my $sleep = @rec > 7 ? 300 : ($sleep{scalar @rec}||0);
my $verbose = @rec >= 4;
while (@rec) {
$w .= sprintf " which has been called by process %d", pop @rec;
}
if ($sleep) {
$w .= ".\n\n# Sleeping $sleep seconds to protect other processes\n";
}
if ($verbose) {
warn $w;
}
local $| = 1;
while ($sleep > 0) {
printf "\r#%5d", --$sleep;
sleep 1;
}
print "\n";
}
$ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING}=$$;
$ENV{PERL5_CPANPLUS_IS_RUNNING}=$$; # https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=23735
END { $CPAN::End++; &cleanup; }
$CPAN::Signal ||= 0;
$CPAN::Frontend ||= "CPAN::Shell";
unless (@CPAN::Defaultsites) {
@CPAN::Defaultsites = map {
CPAN::URL->new(TEXT => $_, FROM => "DEF")
}
"http://www.perl.org/CPAN/",
"ftp://ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/";
}
# $CPAN::iCwd (i for initial)
$CPAN::iCwd ||= CPAN::anycwd();
$CPAN::Perl ||= CPAN::find_perl();
$CPAN::Defaultdocs ||= "http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?";
$CPAN::Defaultrecent ||= "http://search.cpan.org/uploads.rdf";
$CPAN::Defaultrecent ||= "http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/htdocs/cpan.xml";
# our globals are getting a mess
use vars qw(
$AUTOLOAD
$Be_Silent
$CONFIG_DIRTY
$Defaultdocs
$Echo_readline
$Frontend
$GOTOSHELL
$HAS_USABLE
$Have_warned
$MAX_RECURSION
$META
$RUN_DEGRADED
$Signal
$SQLite
$Suppress_readline
$VERSION
$autoload_recursion
$term
@Defaultsites
@EXPORT
);
$MAX_RECURSION = 32;
@CPAN::ISA = qw(CPAN::Debug Exporter);
# note that these functions live in CPAN::Shell and get executed via
# AUTOLOAD when called directly
@EXPORT = qw(
autobundle
bundle
clean
cvs_import
expand
force
fforce
get
install
install_tested
is_tested
make
mkmyconfig
notest
perldoc
readme
recent
recompile
report
shell
smoke
test
upgrade
);
sub soft_chdir_with_alternatives ($);
{
$autoload_recursion ||= 0;
#-> sub CPAN::AUTOLOAD ;
sub AUTOLOAD { ## no critic
$autoload_recursion++;
my($l) = $AUTOLOAD;
$l =~ s/.*:://;
if ($CPAN::Signal) {
warn "Refusing to autoload '$l' while signal pending";
$autoload_recursion--;
return;
}
if ($autoload_recursion > 1) {
my $fullcommand = join " ", map { "'$_'" } $l, @_;
warn "Refusing to autoload $fullcommand in recursion\n";
$autoload_recursion--;
return;
}
my(%export);
@export{@EXPORT} = '';
CPAN::HandleConfig->load unless $CPAN::Config_loaded++;
if (exists $export{$l}) {
CPAN::Shell->$l(@_);
} else {
die(qq{Unknown CPAN command "$AUTOLOAD". }.
qq{Type ? for help.\n});
}
$autoload_recursion--;
}
}
{
my $x = *SAVEOUT; # avoid warning
open($x,">&STDOUT") or die "dup failed";
my $redir = 0;
sub _redirect(@) {
#die if $redir;
local $_;
push(@_,undef);
while(defined($_=shift)) {
if (s/^\s*>//){
my ($m) = s/^>// ? ">" : "";
s/\s+//;
$_=shift unless length;
die "no dest" unless defined;
open(STDOUT,">$m$_") or die "open:$_:$!\n";
$redir=1;
} elsif ( s/^\s*\|\s*// ) {
my $pipe="| $_";
while(defined($_[0])){
$pipe .= ' ' . shift;
}
open(STDOUT,$pipe) or die "open:$pipe:$!\n";
$redir=1;
} else {
push(@_,$_);
}
}
return @_;
}
sub _unredirect {
return unless $redir;
$redir = 0;
## redirect: unredirect and propagate errors. explicit close to wait for pipe.
close(STDOUT);
open(STDOUT,">&SAVEOUT");
die "$@" if "$@";
## redirect: done
}
}
sub _uniq {
my(@list) = @_;
my %seen;
return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @list;
}
#-> sub CPAN::shell ;
sub shell {
my($self) = @_;
$Suppress_readline = ! -t STDIN unless defined $Suppress_readline;
CPAN::HandleConfig->load unless $CPAN::Config_loaded++;
my $oprompt = shift || CPAN::Prompt->new;
my $prompt = $oprompt;
my $commandline = shift || "";
$CPAN::CurrentCommandId ||= 1;
local($^W) = 1;
unless ($Suppress_readline) {
require Term::ReadLine;
if (! $term
or
$term->ReadLine eq "Term::ReadLine::Stub"
) {
$term = Term::ReadLine->new('CPAN Monitor');
}
if ($term->ReadLine eq "Term::ReadLine::Gnu") {
my $attribs = $term->Attribs;
$attribs->{attempted_completion_function} = sub {
&CPAN::Complete::gnu_cpl;
}
} else {
$readline::rl_completion_function =
$readline::rl_completion_function = 'CPAN::Complete::cpl';
}
if (my $histfile = $CPAN::Config->{'histfile'}) {{
unless ($term->can("AddHistory")) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Terminal does not support AddHistory.\n");
last;
}
$META->readhist($term,$histfile);
}}
for ($CPAN::Config->{term_ornaments}) { # alias
local $Term::ReadLine::termcap_nowarn = 1;
$term->ornaments($_) if defined;
}
# $term->OUT is autoflushed anyway
my $odef = select STDERR;
$| = 1;
select STDOUT;
$| = 1;
select $odef;
}
$META->checklock();
my @cwd = grep { defined $_ and length $_ }
CPAN::anycwd(),
File::Spec->can("tmpdir") ? File::Spec->tmpdir() : (),
File::Spec->rootdir();
my $try_detect_readline;
$try_detect_readline = $term->ReadLine eq "Term::ReadLine::Stub" if $term;
unless ($CPAN::Config->{inhibit_startup_message}) {
my $rl_avail = $Suppress_readline ? "suppressed" :
($term->ReadLine ne "Term::ReadLine::Stub") ? "enabled" :
"available (maybe install Bundle::CPAN or Bundle::CPANxxl?)";
$CPAN::Frontend->myprint(
sprintf qq{
cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v%s)
Enter 'h' for help.
},
$CPAN::VERSION,
$rl_avail
)
}
my($continuation) = "";
my $last_term_ornaments;
SHELLCOMMAND: while () {
if ($Suppress_readline) {
if ($Echo_readline) {
$|=1;
}
print $prompt;
last SHELLCOMMAND unless defined ($_ = <> );
if ($Echo_readline) {
# backdoor: I could not find a way to record sessions
print $_;
}
chomp;
} else {
last SHELLCOMMAND unless
defined ($_ = $term->readline($prompt, $commandline));
}
$_ = "$continuation$_" if $continuation;
s/^\s+//;
next SHELLCOMMAND if /^$/;
s/^\s*\?\s*/help /;
if (/^(?:q(?:uit)?|bye|exit)$/i) {
last SHELLCOMMAND;
} elsif (s/\\$//s) {
chomp;
$continuation = $_;
$prompt = " > ";
} elsif (/^\!/) {
s/^\!//;
my($eval) = $_;
package
CPAN::Eval; # hide from the indexer
use strict;
use vars qw($import_done);
CPAN->import(':DEFAULT') unless $import_done++;
CPAN->debug("eval[$eval]") if $CPAN::DEBUG;
eval($eval);
warn $@ if $@;
$continuation = "";
$prompt = $oprompt;
} elsif (/./) {
my(@line);
eval { @line = Text::ParseWords::shellwords($_) };
warn($@), next SHELLCOMMAND if $@;
warn("Text::Parsewords could not parse the line [$_]"),
next SHELLCOMMAND unless @line;
$CPAN::META->debug("line[".join("|",@line)."]") if $CPAN::DEBUG;
my $command = shift @line;
eval {
local (*STDOUT)=*STDOUT;
@line = _redirect(@line);
CPAN::Shell->$command(@line)
};
my $command_error = $@;
_unredirect;
my $reported_error;
if ($command_error) {
my $err = $command_error;
if (ref $err and $err->isa('CPAN::Exception::blocked_urllist')) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Client not fully configured, please proceed with configuring.$err");
$reported_error = ref $err;
} else {
# I'd prefer never to arrive here and make all errors exception objects
if ($err =~ /\S/) {
require Carp;
require Dumpvalue;
my $dv = Dumpvalue->new(tick => '"');
Carp::cluck(sprintf "Catching error: %s", $dv->stringify($err));
}
}
}
if ($command =~ /^(
# classic commands
make
|test
|install
|clean
# pragmas for classic commands
|ff?orce
|notest
# compounds
|report
|smoke
|upgrade
)$/x) {
# only commands that tell us something about failed distros
# eval necessary for people without an urllist
eval {CPAN::Shell->failed($CPAN::CurrentCommandId,1);};
if (my $err = $@) {
unless (ref $err and $reported_error eq ref $err) {
die $@;
}
}
}
soft_chdir_with_alternatives(\@cwd);
$CPAN::Frontend->myprint("\n");
$continuation = "";
$CPAN::CurrentCommandId++;
$prompt = $oprompt;
}
} continue {
$commandline = ""; # I do want to be able to pass a default to
# shell, but on the second command I see no
# use in that
$Signal=0;
CPAN::Queue->nullify_queue;
if ($try_detect_readline) {
if ($CPAN::META->has_inst("Term::ReadLine::Gnu")
||
$CPAN::META->has_inst("Term::ReadLine::Perl")
) {
delete $INC{"Term/ReadLine.pm"};
my $redef = 0;
local($SIG{__WARN__}) = CPAN::Shell::paintdots_onreload(\$redef);
require Term::ReadLine;
$CPAN::Frontend->myprint("\n$redef subroutines in ".
"Term::ReadLine redefined\n");
$GOTOSHELL = 1;
}
}
if ($term and $term->can("ornaments")) {
for ($CPAN::Config->{term_ornaments}) { # alias
if (defined $_) {
if (not defined $last_term_ornaments
or $_ != $last_term_ornaments
) {
local $Term::ReadLine::termcap_nowarn = 1;
$term->ornaments($_);
$last_term_ornaments = $_;
}
} else {
undef $last_term_ornaments;
}
}
}
for my $class (qw(Module Distribution)) {
# again unsafe meta access?
for my $dm (keys %{$CPAN::META->{readwrite}{"CPAN::$class"}}) {
next unless $CPAN::META->{readwrite}{"CPAN::$class"}{$dm}{incommandcolor};
CPAN->debug("BUG: $class '$dm' was in command state, resetting");
delete $CPAN::META->{readwrite}{"CPAN::$class"}{$dm}{incommandcolor};
}
}
if ($GOTOSHELL) {
$GOTOSHELL = 0; # not too often
$META->savehist if $CPAN::term && $CPAN::term->can("GetHistory");
@_ = ($oprompt,"");
goto &shell;
}
}
soft_chdir_with_alternatives(\@cwd);
}
#-> CPAN::soft_chdir_with_alternatives ;
sub soft_chdir_with_alternatives ($) {
my($cwd) = @_;
unless (@$cwd) {
my $root = File::Spec->rootdir();
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{Warning: no good directory to chdir to!
Trying '$root' as temporary haven.
});
push @$cwd, $root;
}
while () {
if (chdir $cwd->[0]) {
return;
} else {
if (@$cwd>1) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{Could not chdir to "$cwd->[0]": $!
Trying to chdir to "$cwd->[1]" instead.
});
shift @$cwd;
} else {
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie(qq{Could not chdir to "$cwd->[0]": $!});
}
}
}
}
sub _flock {
my($fh,$mode) = @_;
if ( $Config::Config{d_flock} || $Config::Config{d_fcntl_can_lock} ) {
return flock $fh, $mode;
} elsif (!$Have_warned->{"d_flock"}++) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Your OS does not seem to support locking; continuing and ignoring all locking issues\n");
$CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(5);
return 1;
} else {
return 1;
}
}
sub _yaml_module () {
my $yaml_module = $CPAN::Config->{yaml_module} || "YAML";
if (
$yaml_module ne "YAML"
&&
!$CPAN::META->has_inst($yaml_module)
) {
# $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("'$yaml_module' not installed, falling back to 'YAML'\n");
$yaml_module = "YAML";
}
if ($yaml_module eq "YAML"
&&
$CPAN::META->has_inst($yaml_module)
&&
$YAML::VERSION < 0.60
&&
!$Have_warned->{"YAML"}++
) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Warning: YAML version '$YAML::VERSION' is too low, please upgrade!\n".
"I'll continue but problems are *very* likely to happen.\n"
);
$CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(5);
}
return $yaml_module;
}
# CPAN::_yaml_loadfile
sub _yaml_loadfile {
my($self,$local_file) = @_;
return +[] unless -s $local_file;
my $yaml_module = _yaml_module;
if ($CPAN::META->has_inst($yaml_module)) {
# temporarly enable yaml code deserialisation
no strict 'refs';
# 5.6.2 could not do the local() with the reference
# so we do it manually instead
my $old_loadcode = ${"$yaml_module\::LoadCode"};
${ "$yaml_module\::LoadCode" } = $CPAN::Config->{yaml_load_code} || 0;
my ($code, @yaml);
if ($code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "LoadFile")) {
eval { @yaml = $code->($local_file); };
if ($@) {
# this shall not be done by the frontend
die CPAN::Exception::yaml_process_error->new($yaml_module,$local_file,"parse",$@);
}
} elsif ($code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "Load")) {
local *FH;
open FH, $local_file or die "Could not open '$local_file': $!";
local $/;
my $ystream = ;
eval { @yaml = $code->($ystream); };
if ($@) {
# this shall not be done by the frontend
die CPAN::Exception::yaml_process_error->new($yaml_module,$local_file,"parse",$@);
}
}
${"$yaml_module\::LoadCode"} = $old_loadcode;
return \@yaml;
} else {
# this shall not be done by the frontend
die CPAN::Exception::yaml_not_installed->new($yaml_module, $local_file, "parse");
}
return +[];
}
# CPAN::_yaml_dumpfile
sub _yaml_dumpfile {
my($self,$local_file,@what) = @_;
my $yaml_module = _yaml_module;
if ($CPAN::META->has_inst($yaml_module)) {
my $code;
if (UNIVERSAL::isa($local_file, "FileHandle")) {
$code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "Dump");
eval { print $local_file $code->(@what) };
} elsif ($code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "DumpFile")) {
eval { $code->($local_file,@what); };
} elsif ($code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "Dump")) {
local *FH;
open FH, ">$local_file" or die "Could not open '$local_file': $!";
print FH $code->(@what);
}
if ($@) {
die CPAN::Exception::yaml_process_error->new($yaml_module,$local_file,"dump",$@);
}
} else {
if (UNIVERSAL::isa($local_file, "FileHandle")) {
# I think this case does not justify a warning at all
} else {
die CPAN::Exception::yaml_not_installed->new($yaml_module, $local_file, "dump");
}
}
}
sub _init_sqlite () {
unless ($CPAN::META->has_inst("CPAN::SQLite")) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{CPAN::SQLite not installed, trying to work without\n})
unless $Have_warned->{"CPAN::SQLite"}++;
return;
}
require CPAN::SQLite::META; # not needed since CVS version of 2006-12-17
$CPAN::SQLite ||= CPAN::SQLite::META->new($CPAN::META);
}
{
my $negative_cache = {};
sub _sqlite_running {
if ($negative_cache->{time} && time < $negative_cache->{time} + 60) {
# need to cache the result, otherwise too slow
return $negative_cache->{fact};
} else {
$negative_cache = {}; # reset
}
my $ret = $CPAN::Config->{use_sqlite} && ($CPAN::SQLite || _init_sqlite());
return $ret if $ret; # fast anyway
$negative_cache->{time} = time;
return $negative_cache->{fact} = $ret;
}
}
$META ||= CPAN->new; # In case we re-eval ourselves we need the ||
# from here on only subs.
################################################################################
sub _perl_fingerprint {
my($self,$other_fingerprint) = @_;
my $dll = eval {OS2::DLLname()};
my $mtime_dll = 0;
if (defined $dll) {
$mtime_dll = (-f $dll ? (stat(_))[9] : '-1');
}
my $mtime_perl = (-f CPAN::find_perl ? (stat(_))[9] : '-1');
my $this_fingerprint = {
'$^X' => CPAN::find_perl,
sitearchexp => $Config::Config{sitearchexp},
'mtime_$^X' => $mtime_perl,
'mtime_dll' => $mtime_dll,
};
if ($other_fingerprint) {
if (exists $other_fingerprint->{'stat($^X)'}) { # repair fp from rev. 1.88_57
$other_fingerprint->{'mtime_$^X'} = $other_fingerprint->{'stat($^X)'}[9];
}
# mandatory keys since 1.88_57
for my $key (qw($^X sitearchexp mtime_dll mtime_$^X)) {
return unless $other_fingerprint->{$key} eq $this_fingerprint->{$key};
}
return 1;
} else {
return $this_fingerprint;
}
}
sub suggest_myconfig () {
SUGGEST_MYCONFIG: if(!$INC{'CPAN/MyConfig.pm'}) {
$CPAN::Frontend->myprint("You don't seem to have a user ".
"configuration (MyConfig.pm) yet.\n");
my $new = CPAN::Shell::colorable_makemaker_prompt("Do you want to create a ".
"user configuration now? (Y/n)",
"yes");
if($new =~ m{^y}i) {
CPAN::Shell->mkmyconfig();
return &checklock;
} else {
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie("OK, giving up.");
}
}
}
#-> sub CPAN::all_objects ;
sub all_objects {
my($mgr,$class) = @_;
CPAN::HandleConfig->load unless $CPAN::Config_loaded++;
CPAN->debug("mgr[$mgr] class[$class]") if $CPAN::DEBUG;
CPAN::Index->reload;
values %{ $META->{readwrite}{$class} }; # unsafe meta access, ok
}
# Called by shell, not in batch mode. In batch mode I see no risk in
# having many processes updating something as installations are
# continually checked at runtime. In shell mode I suspect it is
# unintentional to open more than one shell at a time
#-> sub CPAN::checklock ;
sub checklock {
my($self) = @_;
my $lockfile = File::Spec->catfile($CPAN::Config->{cpan_home},".lock");
if (-f $lockfile && -M _ > 0) {
my $fh = FileHandle->new($lockfile) or
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Could not open lockfile '$lockfile': $!");
my $otherpid = <$fh>;
my $otherhost = <$fh>;
$fh->close;
if (defined $otherpid && $otherpid) {
chomp $otherpid;
}
if (defined $otherhost && $otherhost) {
chomp $otherhost;
}
my $thishost = hostname();
if (defined $otherhost && defined $thishost &&
$otherhost ne '' && $thishost ne '' &&
$otherhost ne $thishost) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie(sprintf("CPAN.pm panic: Lockfile '$lockfile'\n".
"reports other host $otherhost and other ".
"process $otherpid.\n".
"Cannot proceed.\n"));
} elsif ($RUN_DEGRADED) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Running in downgraded mode (experimental)\n");
} elsif (defined $otherpid && $otherpid) {
return if $$ == $otherpid; # should never happen
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(
qq{
There seems to be running another CPAN process (pid $otherpid). Contacting...
});
if (kill 0, $otherpid or $!{EPERM}) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{Other job is running.\n});
my($ans) =
CPAN::Shell::colorable_makemaker_prompt
(qq{Shall I try to run in downgraded }.
qq{mode? (Y/n)},"y");
if ($ans =~ /^y/i) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Running in downgraded mode (experimental).
Please report if something unexpected happens\n");
$RUN_DEGRADED = 1;
for ($CPAN::Config) {
# XXX
# $_->{build_dir_reuse} = 0; # 2006-11-17 akoenig Why was that?
$_->{commandnumber_in_prompt} = 0; # visibility
$_->{histfile} = ""; # who should win otherwise?
$_->{cache_metadata} = 0; # better would be a lock?
$_->{use_sqlite} = 0; # better would be a write lock!
$_->{auto_commit} = 0; # we are violent, do not persist
$_->{test_report} = 0; # Oliver Paukstadt had sent wrong reports in degraded mode
}
} else {
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie("
You may want to kill the other job and delete the lockfile. On UNIX try:
kill $otherpid
rm $lockfile
");
}
} elsif (-w $lockfile) {
my($ans) =
CPAN::Shell::colorable_makemaker_prompt
(qq{Other job not responding. Shall I overwrite }.
qq{the lockfile '$lockfile'? (Y/n)},"y");
$CPAN::Frontend->myexit("Ok, bye\n")
unless $ans =~ /^y/i;
} else {
Carp::croak(
qq{Lockfile '$lockfile' not writable by you. }.
qq{Cannot proceed.\n}.
qq{ On UNIX try:\n}.
qq{ rm '$lockfile'\n}.
qq{ and then rerun us.\n}
);
}
} else {
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie(sprintf("CPAN.pm panic: Found invalid lockfile ".
"'$lockfile', please remove. Cannot proceed.\n"));
}
}
my $dotcpan = $CPAN::Config->{cpan_home};
eval { File::Path::mkpath($dotcpan);};
if ($@) {
# A special case at least for Jarkko.
my $firsterror = $@;
my $seconderror;
my $symlinkcpan;
if (-l $dotcpan) {
$symlinkcpan = readlink $dotcpan;
die "readlink $dotcpan failed: $!" unless defined $symlinkcpan;
eval { File::Path::mkpath($symlinkcpan); };
if ($@) {
$seconderror = $@;
} else {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
Working directory $symlinkcpan created.
});
}
}
unless (-d $dotcpan) {
my $mess = qq{
Your configuration suggests "$dotcpan" as your
CPAN.pm working directory. I could not create this directory due
to this error: $firsterror\n};
$mess .= qq{
As "$dotcpan" is a symlink to "$symlinkcpan",
I tried to create that, but I failed with this error: $seconderror
} if $seconderror;
$mess .= qq{
Please make sure the directory exists and is writable.
};
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($mess);
return suggest_myconfig;
}
} # $@ after eval mkpath $dotcpan
if (0) { # to test what happens when a race condition occurs
for (reverse 1..10) {
print $_, "\n";
sleep 1;
}
}
# locking
if (!$RUN_DEGRADED && !$self->{LOCKFH}) {
my $fh;
unless ($fh = FileHandle->new("+>>$lockfile")) {
if ($! =~ /Permission/) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
Your configuration suggests that CPAN.pm should use a working
directory of
$CPAN::Config->{cpan_home}
Unfortunately we could not create the lock file
$lockfile
due to permission problems.
Please make sure that the configuration variable
\$CPAN::Config->{cpan_home}
points to a directory where you can write a .lock file. You can set
this variable in either a CPAN/MyConfig.pm or a CPAN/Config.pm in your
\@INC path;
});
return suggest_myconfig;
}
}
my $sleep = 1;
while (!CPAN::_flock($fh, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB)) {
if ($sleep>10) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Giving up\n");
}
$CPAN::Frontend->mysleep($sleep++);
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Could not lock lockfile with flock: $!; retrying\n");
}
seek $fh, 0, 0;
truncate $fh, 0;
$fh->autoflush(1);
$fh->print($$, "\n");
$fh->print(hostname(), "\n");
$self->{LOCK} = $lockfile;
$self->{LOCKFH} = $fh;
}
$SIG{TERM} = sub {
my $sig = shift;
&cleanup;
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Got SIG$sig, leaving");
};
$SIG{INT} = sub {
# no blocks!!!
my $sig = shift;
&cleanup if $Signal;
die "Got yet another signal" if $Signal > 1;
$CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Got another SIG$sig") if $Signal;
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Caught SIG$sig, trying to continue\n");
$Signal++;
};
# From: Larry Wall
# Subject: Re: deprecating SIGDIE
# To: perl5-porters@perl.org
# Date: Thu, 30 Sep 1999 14:58:40 -0700 (PDT)
#
# The original intent of __DIE__ was only to allow you to substitute one
# kind of death for another on an application-wide basis without respect
# to whether you were in an eval or not. As a global backstop, it should
# not be used any more lightly (or any more heavily :-) than class
# UNIVERSAL. Any attempt to build a general exception model on it should
# be politely squashed. Any bug that causes every eval {} to have to be
# modified should be not so politely squashed.
#
# Those are my current opinions. It is also my optinion that polite
# arguments degenerate to personal arguments far too frequently, and that
# when they do, it's because both people wanted it to, or at least didn't
# sufficiently want it not to.
#
# Larry
# global backstop to cleanup if we should really die
$SIG{__DIE__} = \&cleanup;
$self->debug("Signal handler set.") if $CPAN::DEBUG;
}
#-> sub CPAN::DESTROY ;
sub DESTROY {
&cleanup; # need an eval?
}
#-> sub CPAN::anycwd ;
sub anycwd () {
my $getcwd;
$getcwd = $CPAN::Config->{'getcwd'} || 'cwd';
CPAN->$getcwd();
}
#-> sub CPAN::cwd ;
sub cwd {Cwd::cwd();}
#-> sub CPAN::getcwd ;
sub getcwd {Cwd::getcwd();}
#-> sub CPAN::fastcwd ;
sub fastcwd {Cwd::fastcwd();}
#-> sub CPAN::backtickcwd ;
sub backtickcwd {my $cwd = `cwd`; chomp $cwd; $cwd}
#-> sub CPAN::find_perl ;
sub find_perl () {
my($perl) = File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($^X) ? $^X : "";
unless ($perl) {
my $candidate = File::Spec->catfile($CPAN::iCwd,$^X);
$^X = $perl = $candidate if MM->maybe_command($candidate);
}
unless ($perl) {
my ($component,$perl_name);
DIST_PERLNAME: foreach $perl_name ($^X, 'perl', 'perl5', "perl$]") {
PATH_COMPONENT: foreach $component (File::Spec->path(),
$Config::Config{'binexp'}) {
next unless defined($component) && $component;
my($abs) = File::Spec->catfile($component,$perl_name);
if (MM->maybe_command($abs)) {
$^X = $perl = $abs;
last DIST_PERLNAME;
}
}
}
}
return $perl;
}
#-> sub CPAN::exists ;
sub exists {
my($mgr,$class,$id) = @_;
CPAN::HandleConfig->load unless $CPAN::Config_loaded++;
CPAN::Index->reload;
### Carp::croak "exists called without class argument" unless $class;
$id ||= "";
$id =~ s/:+/::/g if $class eq "CPAN::Module";
my $exists;
if (CPAN::_sqlite_running) {
$exists = (exists $META->{readonly}{$class}{$id} or
$CPAN::SQLite->set($class, $id));
} else {
$exists = exists $META->{readonly}{$class}{$id};
}
$exists ||= exists $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id}; # unsafe meta access, ok
}
#-> sub CPAN::delete ;
sub delete {
my($mgr,$class,$id) = @_;
delete $META->{readonly}{$class}{$id}; # unsafe meta access, ok
delete $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id}; # unsafe meta access, ok
}
#-> sub CPAN::has_usable
# has_inst is sometimes too optimistic, we should replace it with this
# has_usable whenever a case is given
sub has_usable {
my($self,$mod,$message) = @_;
return 1 if $HAS_USABLE->{$mod};
my $has_inst = $self->has_inst($mod,$message);
return unless $has_inst;
my $usable;
$usable = {
LWP => [ # we frequently had "Can't locate object
# method "new" via package "LWP::UserAgent" at
# (eval 69) line 2006
sub {require LWP},
sub {require LWP::UserAgent},
sub {require HTTP::Request},
sub {require URI::URL},
],
'Net::FTP' => [
sub {require Net::FTP},
sub {require Net::Config},
],
'File::HomeDir' => [
sub {require File::HomeDir;
unless (CPAN::Version->vge(File::HomeDir::->VERSION, 0.52)) {
for ("Will not use File::HomeDir, need 0.52\n") {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
die $_;
}
}
},
],
'Archive::Tar' => [
sub {require Archive::Tar;
unless (CPAN::Version->vge(Archive::Tar::->VERSION, 1.50)) {
for ("Will not use Archive::Tar, need 1.00\n") {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
die $_;
}
}
unless (CPAN::Version->vge(Archive::Tar::->VERSION, 1.50)) {
my $atv = Archive::Tar->VERSION;
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("You have Archive::Tar $atv, but 1.50 or later is recommended. Please upgrade.\n");
}
},
],
'File::Temp' => [
# XXX we should probably delete from
# %INC too so we can load after we
# installed a new enough version --
# I'm not sure.
sub {require File::Temp;
unless (CPAN::Version->vge(File::Temp::->VERSION,0.16)) {
for ("Will not use File::Temp, need 0.16\n") {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
die $_;
}
}
},
]
};
if ($usable->{$mod}) {
for my $c (0..$#{$usable->{$mod}}) {
my $code = $usable->{$mod}[$c];
my $ret = eval { &$code() };
$ret = "" unless defined $ret;
if ($@) {
# warn "DEBUG: c[$c]\$\@[$@]ret[$ret]";
return;
}
}
}
return $HAS_USABLE->{$mod} = 1;
}
#-> sub CPAN::has_inst
sub has_inst {
my($self,$mod,$message) = @_;
Carp::croak("CPAN->has_inst() called without an argument")
unless defined $mod;
my %dont = map { $_ => 1 } keys %{$CPAN::META->{dontload_hash}||{}},
keys %{$CPAN::Config->{dontload_hash}||{}},
@{$CPAN::Config->{dontload_list}||[]};
if (defined $message && $message eq "no" # afair only used by Nox
||
$dont{$mod}
) {
$CPAN::META->{dontload_hash}{$mod}||=1; # unsafe meta access, ok
return 0;
}
my $file = $mod;
my $obj;
$file =~ s|::|/|g;
$file .= ".pm";
if ($INC{$file}) {
# checking %INC is wrong, because $INC{LWP} may be true
# although $INC{"URI/URL.pm"} may have failed. But as
# I really want to say "bla loaded OK", I have to somehow
# cache results.
### warn "$file in %INC"; #debug
return 1;
} elsif (eval { require $file }) {
# eval is good: if we haven't yet read the database it's
# perfect and if we have installed the module in the meantime,
# it tries again. The second require is only a NOOP returning
# 1 if we had success, otherwise it's retrying
my $mtime = (stat $INC{$file})[9];
# privileged files loaded by has_inst; Note: we use $mtime
# as a proxy for a checksum.
$CPAN::Shell::reload->{$file} = $mtime;
my $v = eval "\$$mod\::VERSION";
$v = $v ? " (v$v)" : "";
CPAN::Shell->optprint("load_module","CPAN: $mod loaded ok$v\n");
if ($mod eq "CPAN::WAIT") {
push @CPAN::Shell::ISA, 'CPAN::WAIT';
}
return 1;
} elsif ($mod eq "Net::FTP") {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
Please, install Net::FTP as soon as possible. CPAN.pm installs it for you
if you just type
install Bundle::libnet
}) unless $Have_warned->{"Net::FTP"}++;
$CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(3);
} elsif ($mod eq "Digest::SHA") {
if ($Have_warned->{"Digest::SHA"}++) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{CPAN: checksum security checks disabled }.
qq{because Digest::SHA not installed.\n});
} else {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
CPAN: checksum security checks disabled because Digest::SHA not installed.
Please consider installing the Digest::SHA module.
});
$CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(2);
}
} elsif ($mod eq "Module::Signature") {
# NOT prefs_lookup, we are not a distro
my $check_sigs = $CPAN::Config->{check_sigs};
if (not $check_sigs) {
# they do not want us:-(
} elsif (not $Have_warned->{"Module::Signature"}++) {
# No point in complaining unless the user can
# reasonably install and use it.
if (eval { require Crypt::OpenPGP; 1 } ||
(
defined $CPAN::Config->{'gpg'}
&&
$CPAN::Config->{'gpg'} =~ /\S/
)
) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
CPAN: Module::Signature security checks disabled because Module::Signature
not installed. Please consider installing the Module::Signature module.
You may also need to be able to connect over the Internet to the public
keyservers like pgp.mit.edu (port 11371).
});
$CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(2);
}
}
} else {
delete $INC{$file}; # if it inc'd LWP but failed during, say, URI
}
return 0;
}
#-> sub CPAN::instance ;
sub instance {
my($mgr,$class,$id) = @_;
CPAN::Index->reload;
$id ||= "";
# unsafe meta access, ok?
return $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id} if exists $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id};
$META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id} ||= $class->new(ID => $id);
}
#-> sub CPAN::new ;
sub new {
bless {}, shift;
}
#-> sub CPAN::cleanup ;
sub cleanup {
# warn "cleanup called with arg[@_] End[$CPAN::End] Signal[$Signal]";
local $SIG{__DIE__} = '';
my($message) = @_;
my $i = 0;
my $ineval = 0;
my($subroutine);
while ((undef,undef,undef,$subroutine) = caller(++$i)) {
$ineval = 1, last if
$subroutine eq '(eval)';
}
return if $ineval && !$CPAN::End;
return unless defined $META->{LOCK};
return unless -f $META->{LOCK};
$META->savehist;
close $META->{LOCKFH};
unlink $META->{LOCK};
# require Carp;
# Carp::cluck("DEBUGGING");
if ( $CPAN::CONFIG_DIRTY ) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Warning: Configuration not saved.\n");
}
$CPAN::Frontend->myprint("Lockfile removed.\n");
}
#-> sub CPAN::readhist
sub readhist {
my($self,$term,$histfile) = @_;
my $histsize = $CPAN::Config->{'histsize'} || 100;
$term->Attribs->{'MaxHistorySize'} = $histsize if (defined($term->Attribs->{'MaxHistorySize'}));
my($fh) = FileHandle->new;
open $fh, "<$histfile" or return;
local $/ = "\n";
while (<$fh>) {
chomp;
$term->AddHistory($_);
}
close $fh;
}
#-> sub CPAN::savehist
sub savehist {
my($self) = @_;
my($histfile,$histsize);
unless ($histfile = $CPAN::Config->{'histfile'}) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("No history written (no histfile specified).\n");
return;
}
$histsize = $CPAN::Config->{'histsize'} || 100;
if ($CPAN::term) {
unless ($CPAN::term->can("GetHistory")) {
$CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Terminal does not support GetHistory.\n");
return;
}
} else {
return;
}
my @h = $CPAN::term->GetHistory;
splice @h, 0, @h-$histsize if @h>$histsize;
my($fh) = FileHandle->new;
open $fh, ">$histfile" or $CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Couldn't open >$histfile: $!");
local $\ = local $, = "\n";
print $fh @h;
close $fh;
}
#-> sub CPAN::is_tested
sub is_tested {
my($self,$what,$when) = @_;
unless ($what) {
Carp::cluck("DEBUG: empty what");
return;
}
$self->{is_tested}{$what} = $when;
}
#-> sub CPAN::reset_tested
# forget all distributions tested -- resets what gets included in PERL5LIB
sub reset_tested {
my ($self) = @_;
$self->{is_tested} = {};
}
#-> sub CPAN::is_installed
# unsets the is_tested flag: as soon as the thing is installed, it is
# not needed in set_perl5lib anymore
sub is_installed {
my($self,$what) = @_;
delete $self->{is_tested}{$what};
}
sub _list_sorted_descending_is_tested {
my($self) = @_;
sort
{ ($self->{is_tested}{$b}||0) <=> ($self->{is_tested}{$a}||0) }
keys %{$self->{is_tested}}
}
#-> sub CPAN::set_perl5lib
# Notes on max environment variable length:
# - Win32 : XP or later, 8191; Win2000 or NT4, 2047
{
my $fh;
sub set_perl5lib {
my($self,$for) = @_;
unless ($for) {
(undef,undef,undef,$for) = caller(1);
$for =~ s/.*://;
}
$self->{is_tested} ||= {};
return unless %{$self->{is_tested}};
my $env = $ENV{PERL5LIB};
$env = $ENV{PERLLIB} unless defined $env;
my @env;
push @env, split /\Q$Config::Config{path_sep}\E/, $env if defined $env and length $env;
#my @dirs = map {("$_/blib/arch", "$_/blib/lib")} keys %{$self->{is_tested}};
#$CPAN::Frontend->myprint("Prepending @dirs to PERL5LIB.\n");
my @dirs = map {("$_/blib/arch", "$_/blib/lib")} $self->_list_sorted_descending_is_tested;
return if !@dirs;
if (@dirs < 12) {
$CPAN::Frontend->optprint('perl5lib', "Prepending @dirs to PERL5LIB for '$for'\n");
$ENV{PERL5LIB} = join $Config::Config{path_sep}, @dirs, @env;
} elsif (@dirs < 24 ) {
my @d = map {my $cp = $_;
$cp =~ s/^\Q$CPAN::Config->{build_dir}\E/%BUILDDIR%/;
$cp
} @dirs;
$CPAN::Frontend->optprint('perl5lib', "Prepending @d to PERL5LIB; ".
"%BUILDDIR%=$CPAN::Config->{build_dir} ".
"for '$for'\n"
);
$ENV{PERL5LIB} = join $Config::Config{path_sep}, @dirs, @env;
} else {
my $cnt = keys %{$self->{is_tested}};
$CPAN::Frontend->optprint('perl5lib', "Prepending blib/arch and blib/lib of ".
"$cnt build dirs to PERL5LIB; ".
"for '$for'\n"
);
$ENV{PERL5LIB} = join $Config::Config{path_sep}, @dirs, @env;
}
}}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
=head1 SYNOPSIS
Interactive mode:
perl -MCPAN -e shell
--or--
cpan
Basic commands:
# Modules:
cpan> install Acme::Meta # in the shell
CPAN::Shell->install("Acme::Meta"); # in perl
# Distributions:
cpan> install NWCLARK/Acme-Meta-0.02.tar.gz # in the shell
CPAN::Shell->
install("NWCLARK/Acme-Meta-0.02.tar.gz"); # in perl
# module objects:
$mo = CPAN::Shell->expandany($mod);
$mo = CPAN::Shell->expand("Module",$mod); # same thing
# distribution objects:
$do = CPAN::Shell->expand("Module",$mod)->distribution;
$do = CPAN::Shell->expandany($distro); # same thing
$do = CPAN::Shell->expand("Distribution",
$distro); # same thing
=head1 DESCRIPTION
The CPAN module automates or at least simplifies the make and install
of perl modules and extensions. It includes some primitive searching
capabilities and knows how to use Net::FTP, LWP, and certain external
download clients to fetch distributions from the net.
These are fetched from one or more mirrored CPAN (Comprehensive
Perl Archive Network) sites and unpacked in a dedicated directory.
The CPAN module also supports named and versioned
I of modules. Bundles simplify handling of sets of
related modules. See Bundles below.
The package contains a session manager and a cache manager. The
session manager keeps track of what has been fetched, built, and
installed in the current session. The cache manager keeps track of the
disk space occupied by the make processes and deletes excess space
using a simple FIFO mechanism.
All methods provided are accessible in a programmer style and in an
interactive shell style.
=head2 CPAN::shell([$prompt, $command]) Starting Interactive Mode
Enter interactive mode by running
perl -MCPAN -e shell
or
cpan
which puts you into a readline interface. If C and
either of C or C are installed,
history and command completion are supported.
Once at the command line, type C for one-page help
screen; the rest should be self-explanatory.
The function call C takes two optional arguments: one the
prompt, the second the default initial command line (the latter
only works if a real ReadLine interface module is installed).
The most common uses of the interactive modes are
=over 2
=item Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules
There are corresponding one-letter commands C, C, C, and C
for each of the four categories and another, C for any of the
mentioned four. Each of the four entities is implemented as a class
with slightly differing methods for displaying an object.
Arguments to these commands are either strings exactly matching
the identification string of an object, or regular expressions
matched case-insensitively against various attributes of the
objects. The parser only recognizes a regular expression when you
enclose it with slashes.
The principle is that the number of objects found influences how an
item is displayed. If the search finds one item, the result is
displayed with the rather verbose method C, but if
more than one is found, each object is displayed with the terse method
C.
Examples:
cpan> m Acme::MetaSyntactic
Module id = Acme::MetaSyntactic
CPAN_USERID BOOK (Philippe Bruhat (BooK) <[...]>)
CPAN_VERSION 0.99
CPAN_FILE B/BO/BOOK/Acme-MetaSyntactic-0.99.tar.gz
UPLOAD_DATE 2006-11-06
MANPAGE Acme::MetaSyntactic - Themed metasyntactic variables names
INST_FILE /usr/local/lib/perl/5.10.0/Acme/MetaSyntactic.pm
INST_VERSION 0.99
cpan> a BOOK
Author id = BOOK
EMAIL [...]
FULLNAME Philippe Bruhat (BooK)
cpan> d BOOK/Acme-MetaSyntactic-0.99.tar.gz
Distribution id = B/BO/BOOK/Acme-MetaSyntactic-0.99.tar.gz
CPAN_USERID BOOK (Philippe Bruhat (BooK) <[...]>)
CONTAINSMODS Acme::MetaSyntactic Acme::MetaSyntactic::Alias [...]
UPLOAD_DATE 2006-11-06
cpan> m /lorem/
Module = Acme::MetaSyntactic::loremipsum (BOOK/Acme-MetaSyntactic-0.99.tar.gz)
Module Text::Lorem (ADEOLA/Text-Lorem-0.3.tar.gz)
Module Text::Lorem::More (RKRIMEN/Text-Lorem-More-0.12.tar.gz)
Module Text::Lorem::More::Source (RKRIMEN/Text-Lorem-More-0.12.tar.gz)
cpan> i /berlin/
Distribution BEATNIK/Filter-NumberLines-0.02.tar.gz
Module = DateTime::TimeZone::Europe::Berlin (DROLSKY/DateTime-TimeZone-0.7904.tar.gz)
Module Filter::NumberLines (BEATNIK/Filter-NumberLines-0.02.tar.gz)
Author [...]
The examples illustrate several aspects: the first three queries
target modules, authors, or distros directly and yield exactly one
result. The last two use regular expressions and yield several
results. The last one targets all of bundles, modules, authors, and
distros simultaneously. When more than one result is available, they
are printed in one-line format.
=item C, C, C, C, C modules or distributions
These commands take any number of arguments and investigate what is
necessary to perform the action. If the argument is a distribution
file name (recognized by embedded slashes), it is processed. If it is
a module, CPAN determines the distribution file in which this module
is included and processes that, following any dependencies named in
the module's META.yml or Makefile.PL (this behavior is controlled by
the configuration parameter C.)
C downloads a distribution file and untars or unzips it, C
builds it, C runs the test suite, and C installs it.
Any C or C is run unconditionally. An
install
is also run unconditionally. But for
install
CPAN checks whether an install is needed and prints
I if the distribution file containing
the module doesn't need updating.
CPAN also keeps track of what it has done within the current session
and doesn't try to build a package a second time regardless of whether it
succeeded or not. It does not repeat a test run if the test
has been run successfully before. Same for install runs.
The C pragma may precede another command (currently: C,
C, C, or C) to execute the command from scratch
and attempt to continue past certain errors. See the section below on
the C and the C pragma.
The C pragma skips the test part in the build
process.
Example:
cpan> notest install Tk
A C command results in a
make clean
being executed within the distribution file's working directory.
=item C, C, C module or distribution
C displays the README file of the associated distribution.
C gets and untars (if not yet done) the distribution file,
changes to the appropriate directory and opens a subshell process in
that directory. C displays the module's pod documentation
in html or plain text format.
=item C author
=item C globbing_expression
The first form lists all distribution files in and below an author's
CPAN directory as stored in the CHECKUMS files distributed on
CPAN. The listing recurses into subdirectories.
The second form limits or expands the output with shell
globbing as in the following examples:
ls JV/make*
ls GSAR/*make*
ls */*make*
The last example is very slow and outputs extra progress indicators
that break the alignment of the result.
Note that globbing only lists directories explicitly asked for, for
example FOO/* will not list FOO/bar/Acme-Sthg-n.nn.tar.gz. This may be
regarded as a bug that may be changed in some future version.
=item C
The C command reports all distributions that failed on one of
C, C or C for some reason in the currently
running shell session.
=item Persistence between sessions
If the C or the C module is installed a record of
the internal state of all modules is written to disk after each step.
The files contain a signature of the currently running perl version
for later perusal.
If the configurations variable C is set to a true
value, then CPAN.pm reads the collected YAML files. If the stored
signature matches the currently running perl, the stored state is
loaded into memory such that persistence between sessions
is effectively established.
=item The C and the C pragma
To speed things up in complex installation scenarios, CPAN.pm keeps
track of what it has already done and refuses to do some things a
second time. A C, a C, and an C are not repeated.
A C is repeated only if the previous test was unsuccessful. The
diagnostic message when CPAN.pm refuses to do something a second time
is one of IC or
something similar. Another situation where CPAN refuses to act is an
C if the corresponding C was not successful.
In all these cases, the user can override this stubborn behaviour by
prepending the command with the word force, for example:
cpan> force get Foo
cpan> force make AUTHOR/Bar-3.14.tar.gz
cpan> force test Baz
cpan> force install Acme::Meta
Each I command is executed with the corresponding part of its
memory erased.
The C pragma is a variant that emulates a C which
erases the entire memory followed by the action specified, effectively
restarting the whole get/make/test/install procedure from scratch.
=item Lockfile
Interactive sessions maintain a lockfile, by default C<~/.cpan/.lock>.
Batch jobs can run without a lockfile and not disturb each other.
The shell offers to run in I when another process is
holding the lockfile. This is an experimental feature that is not yet
tested very well. This second shell then does not write the history
file, does not use the metadata file, and has a different prompt.
=item Signals
CPAN.pm installs signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERM. While you are
in the cpan-shell, it is intended that you can press C<^C> anytime and
return to the cpan-shell prompt. A SIGTERM will cause the cpan-shell
to clean up and leave the shell loop. You can emulate the effect of a
SIGTERM by sending two consecutive SIGINTs, which usually means by
pressing C<^C> twice.
CPAN.pm ignores SIGPIPE. If the user sets C, a
SIGALRM is used during the run of the C or C subprocess.
=back
=head2 CPAN::Shell
The commands available in the shell interface are methods in
the package CPAN::Shell. If you enter the shell command, your
input is split by the Text::ParseWords::shellwords() routine, which
acts like most shells do. The first word is interpreted as the
method to be invoked, and the rest of the words are treated as the method's arguments.
Continuation lines are supported by ending a line with a
literal backslash.
=head2 autobundle
C writes a bundle file into the
C<$CPAN::Config-E{cpan_home}/Bundle> directory. The file contains
a list of all modules that are both available from CPAN and currently
installed within @INC. The name of the bundle file is based on the
current date and a counter.
=head2 hosts
Note: this feature is still in alpha state and may change in future
versions of CPAN.pm
This commands provides a statistical overview over recent download
activities. The data for this is collected in the YAML file
C in your C directory. If no YAML module is
configured or YAML not installed, no stats are provided.
=head2 mkmyconfig
mkmyconfig() writes your own CPAN::MyConfig file into your C<~/.cpan/>
directory so that you can save your own preferences instead of the
system-wide ones.
=head2 recent ***EXPERIMENTAL COMMAND***
The C command downloads a list of recent uploads to CPAN and
displays them I. While the command is running, a $SIG{INT}
exits the loop after displaying the current item.
B: This command requires XML::LibXML installed.
B: This whole command currently is just a hack and will
probably change in future versions of CPAN.pm, but the general
approach will likely remain.
B: See also L
=head2 recompile
recompile() is a special command that takes no argument and
runs the make/test/install cycle with brute force over all installed
dynamically loadable extensions (aka XS modules) with 'force' in
effect. The primary purpose of this command is to finish a network
installation. Imagine you have a common source tree for two different
architectures. You decide to do a completely independent fresh
installation. You start on one architecture with the help of a Bundle
file produced earlier. CPAN installs the whole Bundle for you, but
when you try to repeat the job on the second architecture, CPAN
responds with a C<"Foo up to date"> message for all modules. So you
invoke CPAN's recompile on the second architecture and you're done.
Another popular use for C is to act as a rescue in case your
perl breaks binary compatibility. If one of the modules that CPAN uses
is in turn depending on binary compatibility (so you cannot run CPAN
commands), then you should try the CPAN::Nox module for recovery.
=head2 report Bundle|Distribution|Module
The C command temporarily turns on the C config
variable, then runs the C command with the given
arguments. The C pragma reruns the tests and repeats
every step that might have failed before.
=head2 smoke ***EXPERIMENTAL COMMAND***
B<*** WARNING: this command downloads and executes software from CPAN to
your computer of completely unknown status. You should never do
this with your normal account and better have a dedicated well
separated and secured machine to do this. ***>
The C command takes the list of recent uploads to CPAN as
provided by the C command and tests them all. While the
command is running $SIG{INT} is defined to mean that the current item
shall be skipped.
B: This whole command currently is just a hack and will
probably change in future versions of CPAN.pm, but the general
approach will likely remain.
B: See also L
=head2 upgrade [Module|/Regex/]...
The C command first runs an C command with the given
arguments and then installs the newest versions of all modules that
were listed by that.
=head2 The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
Although it may be considered internal, the class hierarchy does matter
for both users and programmer. CPAN.pm deals with the four
classes mentioned above, and those classes all share a set of methods. Classical
single polymorphism is in effect. A metaclass object registers all
objects of all kinds and indexes them with a string. The strings
referencing objects have a separated namespace (well, not completely
separated):
Namespace Class
words containing a "/" (slash) Distribution
words starting with Bundle:: Bundle
everything else Module or Author
Modules know their associated Distribution objects. They always refer
to the most recent official release. Developers may mark their releases
as unstable development versions (by inserting an underbar into the
module version number which will also be reflected in the distribution
name when you run 'make dist'), so the really hottest and newest
distribution is not always the default. If a module Foo circulates
on CPAN in both version 1.23 and 1.23_90, CPAN.pm offers a convenient
way to install version 1.23 by saying
install Foo
This would install the complete distribution file (say
BAR/Foo-1.23.tar.gz) with all accompanying material. But if you would
like to install version 1.23_90, you need to know where the
distribution file resides on CPAN relative to the authors/id/
directory. If the author is BAR, this might be BAR/Foo-1.23_90.tar.gz;
so you would have to say
install BAR/Foo-1.23_90.tar.gz
The first example will be driven by an object of the class
CPAN::Module, the second by an object of class CPAN::Distribution.
=head2 Integrating local directories
Note: this feature is still in alpha state and may change in future
versions of CPAN.pm
Distribution objects are normally distributions from the CPAN, but
there is a slightly degenerate case for Distribution objects, too, of
projects held on the local disk. These distribution objects have the
same name as the local directory and end with a dot. A dot by itself
is also allowed for the current directory at the time CPAN.pm was
used. All actions such as C, C, and C are applied
directly to that directory. This gives the command C an
interesting touch: while the normal mantra of installing a CPAN module
without CPAN.pm is one of
perl Makefile.PL perl Build.PL
( go and get prerequisites )
make ./Build
make test ./Build test
make install ./Build install
the command C does all of this at once. It figures out which
of the two mantras is appropriate, fetches and installs all
prerequisites, takes care of them recursively, and finally finishes the
installation of the module in the current directory, be it a CPAN
module or not.
The typical usage case is for private modules or working copies of
projects from remote repositories on the local disk.
=head2 Redirection
The usual shell redirection symbols C< | > and C<< > >> are recognized
by the cpan shell B. So piping to
pager or redirecting output into a file works somewhat as in a normal
shell, with the stipulation that you must type extra spaces.
=head1 CONFIGURATION
When the CPAN module is used for the first time, a configuration
dialogue tries to determine a couple of site specific options. The
result of the dialog is stored in a hash reference C< $CPAN::Config >
in a file CPAN/Config.pm.
Default values defined in the CPAN/Config.pm file can be
overridden in a user specific file: CPAN/MyConfig.pm. Such a file is
best placed in C<$HOME/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm>, because C<$HOME/.cpan> is
added to the search path of the CPAN module before the use() or
require() statements. The mkmyconfig command writes this file for you.
The C command has various bells and whistles:
=over
=item completion support
If you have a ReadLine module installed, you can hit TAB at any point
of the commandline and C will offer you completion for the
built-in subcommands and/or config variable names.
=item displaying some help: o conf help
Displays a short help
=item displaying current values: o conf [KEY]
Displays the current value(s) for this config variable. Without KEY,
displays all subcommands and config variables.
Example:
o conf shell
If KEY starts and ends with a slash, the string in between is
treated as a regular expression and only keys matching this regex
are displayed
Example:
o conf /color/
=item changing of scalar values: o conf KEY VALUE
Sets the config variable KEY to VALUE. The empty string can be
specified as usual in shells, with C<''> or C<"">
Example:
o conf wget /usr/bin/wget
=item changing of list values: o conf KEY SHIFT|UNSHIFT|PUSH|POP|SPLICE|LIST
If a config variable name ends with C, it is a list. C removes the first element of the list, C
removes the last element of the list. C
prepends a list of values to the list, C
appends a list of valued to the list.
Likewise, C passes the LIST to the corresponding
splice command.
Finally, any other list of arguments is taken as a new list value for
the KEY variable discarding the previous value.
Examples:
o conf urllist unshift http://cpan.dev.local/CPAN
o conf urllist splice 3 1
o conf urllist http://cpan1.local http://cpan2.local ftp://ftp.perl.org
=item reverting to saved: o conf defaults
Reverts all config variables to the state in the saved config file.
=item saving the config: o conf commit
Saves all config variables to the current config file (CPAN/Config.pm
or CPAN/MyConfig.pm that was loaded at start).
=back
The configuration dialog can be started any time later again by
issuing the command C< o conf init > in the CPAN shell. A subset of
the configuration dialog can be run by issuing C
where WORD is any valid config variable or a regular expression.
=head2 Config Variables
The following keys in the hash reference $CPAN::Config are
currently defined:
applypatch path to external prg
auto_commit commit all changes to config variables to disk
build_cache size of cache for directories to build modules
build_dir locally accessible directory to build modules
build_dir_reuse boolean if distros in build_dir are persistent
build_requires_install_policy
to install or not to install when a module is
only needed for building. yes|no|ask/yes|ask/no
bzip2 path to external prg
cache_metadata use serializer to cache metadata
check_sigs if signatures should be verified
colorize_debug Term::ANSIColor attributes for debugging output
colorize_output boolean if Term::ANSIColor should colorize output
colorize_print Term::ANSIColor attributes for normal output
colorize_warn Term::ANSIColor attributes for warnings
commandnumber_in_prompt
boolean if you want to see current command number
commands_quote preferred character to use for quoting external
commands when running them. Defaults to double
quote on Windows, single tick everywhere else;
can be set to space to disable quoting
connect_to_internet_ok
whether to ask if opening a connection is ok before
urllist is specified
cpan_home local directory reserved for this package
curl path to external prg
dontload_hash DEPRECATED
dontload_list arrayref: modules in the list will not be
loaded by the CPAN::has_inst() routine
ftp path to external prg
ftp_passive if set, the envariable FTP_PASSIVE is set for downloads
ftp_proxy proxy host for ftp requests
ftpstats_period max number of days to keep download statistics
ftpstats_size max number of items to keep in the download statistics
getcwd see below
gpg path to external prg
gzip location of external program gzip
halt_on_failure stop processing after the first failure of queued
items or dependencies
histfile file to maintain history between sessions
histsize maximum number of lines to keep in histfile
http_proxy proxy host for http requests
inactivity_timeout breaks interactive Makefile.PLs or Build.PLs
after this many seconds inactivity. Set to 0 to
disable timeouts.
index_expire refetch index files after this many days
inhibit_startup_message
if true, suppress the startup message
keep_source_where directory in which to keep the source (if we do)
load_module_verbosity
report loading of optional modules used by CPAN.pm
lynx path to external prg
make location of external make program
make_arg arguments that should always be passed to 'make'
make_install_make_command
the make command for running 'make install', for
example 'sudo make'
make_install_arg same as make_arg for 'make install'
makepl_arg arguments passed to 'perl Makefile.PL'
mbuild_arg arguments passed to './Build'
mbuild_install_arg arguments passed to './Build install'
mbuild_install_build_command
command to use instead of './Build' when we are
in the install stage, for example 'sudo ./Build'
mbuildpl_arg arguments passed to 'perl Build.PL'
ncftp path to external prg
ncftpget path to external prg
no_proxy don't proxy to these hosts/domains (comma separated list)
pager location of external program more (or any pager)
password your password if you CPAN server wants one
patch path to external prg
patches_dir local directory containing patch files
perl5lib_verbosity verbosity level for PERL5LIB additions
prefer_installer legal values are MB and EUMM: if a module comes
with both a Makefile.PL and a Build.PL, use the
former (EUMM) or the latter (MB); if the module
comes with only one of the two, that one will be
used no matter the setting
prerequisites_policy
what to do if you are missing module prerequisites
('follow' automatically, 'ask' me, or 'ignore')
prefs_dir local directory to store per-distro build options
proxy_user username for accessing an authenticating proxy
proxy_pass password for accessing an authenticating proxy
randomize_urllist add some randomness to the sequence of the urllist
scan_cache controls scanning of cache ('atstart' or 'never')
shell your favorite shell
show_unparsable_versions
boolean if r command tells which modules are versionless
show_upload_date boolean if commands should try to determine upload date
show_zero_versions boolean if r command tells for which modules $version==0
tar location of external program tar
tar_verbosity verbosity level for the tar command
term_is_latin deprecated: if true Unicode is translated to ISO-8859-1
(and nonsense for characters outside latin range)
term_ornaments boolean to turn ReadLine ornamenting on/off
test_report email test reports (if CPAN::Reporter is installed)
trust_test_report_history
skip testing when previously tested ok (according to
CPAN::Reporter history)
unzip location of external program unzip
urllist arrayref to nearby CPAN sites (or equivalent locations)
use_sqlite use CPAN::SQLite for metadata storage (fast and lean)
username your username if you CPAN server wants one
wait_list arrayref to a wait server to try (See CPAN::WAIT)
wget path to external prg
yaml_load_code enable YAML code deserialisation via CPAN::DeferredCode
yaml_module which module to use to read/write YAML files
You can set and query each of these options interactively in the cpan
shell with the C or the C command as specified below.
=over 2
=item Cscalar optionE>
prints the current value of the I
=item Cscalar optionE EvalueE>
Sets the value of the I to I
=item Clist optionE>
prints the current value of the I in MakeMaker's
neatvalue format.
=item Clist optionE [shift|pop]>
shifts or pops the array in the I variable
=item Clist optionE [unshift|push|splice] ElistE>
works like the corresponding perl commands.
=item interactive editing: o conf init [MATCH|LIST]
Runs an interactive configuration dialog for matching variables.
Without argument runs the dialog over all supported config variables.
To specify a MATCH the argument must be enclosed by slashes.
Examples:
o conf init ftp_passive ftp_proxy
o conf init /color/
Note: this method of setting config variables often provides more
explanation about the functioning of a variable than the manpage.
=back
=head2 CPAN::anycwd($path): Note on config variable getcwd
CPAN.pm changes the current working directory often and needs to
determine its own current working directory. By default it uses
Cwd::cwd, but if for some reason this doesn't work on your system,
configure alternatives according to the following table:
=over 4
=item cwd
Calls Cwd::cwd
=item getcwd
Calls Cwd::getcwd
=item fastcwd
Calls Cwd::fastcwd
=item backtickcwd
Calls the external command cwd.
=back
=head2 Note on the format of the urllist parameter
urllist parameters are URLs according to RFC 1738. We do a little
guessing if your URL is not compliant, but if you have problems with
C URLs, please try the correct format. Either:
file://localhost/whatever/ftp/pub/CPAN/
or
file:///home/ftp/pub/CPAN/
=head2 The urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
The C parameter of the configuration table contains a list of
URLs used for downloading. If the list contains any
C URLs, CPAN always tries there first. This
feature is disabled for index files. So the recommendation for the
owner of a CD-ROM with CPAN contents is: include your local, possibly
outdated CD-ROM as a C URL at the end of urllist, e.g.
o conf urllist push file://localhost/CDROM/CPAN
CPAN.pm will then fetch the index files from one of the CPAN sites
that come at the beginning of urllist. It will later check for each
module to see whether there is a local copy of the most recent version.
Another peculiarity of urllist is that the site that we could
successfully fetch the last file from automatically gets a preference
token and is tried as the first site for the next request. So if you
add a new site at runtime it may happen that the previously preferred
site will be tried another time. This means that if you want to disallow
a site for the next transfer, it must be explicitly removed from
urllist.
=head2 Maintaining the urllist parameter
If you have YAML.pm (or some other YAML module configured in
C) installed, CPAN.pm collects a few statistical data
about recent downloads. You can view the statistics with the C
command or inspect them directly by looking into the C
file in your C directory.
To get some interesting statistics, it is recommended that
C be set; this introduces some amount of
randomness into the URL selection.
=head2 The C and C dependency declarations
Since CPAN.pm version 1.88_51 modules declared as C by
a distribution are treated differently depending on the config
variable C. By setting
C to C, such a module is not
installed. It is only built and tested, and then kept in the list of
tested but uninstalled modules. As such, it is available during the
build of the dependent module by integrating the path to the
C and C directories in the environment variable
PERL5LIB. If C is set ti C, then
both modules declared as C and those declared as
C are treated alike. By setting to C or
C, CPAN.pm asks the user and sets the default accordingly.
=head2 Configuration for individual distributions (I)
(B This feature has been introduced in CPAN.pm 1.8854 and is
still considered beta quality)
Distributions on CPAN usually behave according to what we call the
CPAN mantra. Or since the advent of Module::Build we should talk about
two mantras:
perl Makefile.PL perl Build.PL
make ./Build
make test ./Build test
make install ./Build install
But some modules cannot be built with this mantra. They try to get
some extra data from the user via the environment, extra arguments, or
interactively--thus disturbing the installation of large bundles like
Phalanx100 or modules with many dependencies like Plagger.
The distroprefs system of C addresses this problem by
allowing the user to specify extra informations and recipes in YAML
files to either
=over
=item
pass additional arguments to one of the four commands,
=item
set environment variables
=item
instantiate an Expect object that reads from the console, waits for
some regular expressions and enters some answers
=item
temporarily override assorted C configuration variables
=item
specify dependencies the original maintainer forgot
=item
disable the installation of an object altogether
=back
See the YAML and Data::Dumper files that come with the C
distribution in the C directory for examples.
=head2 Filenames
The YAML files themselves must have the C<.yml> extension; all other
files are ignored (for two exceptions see I below). The containing directory can be specified in
C in the C config variable. Try C in the CPAN shell to set and activate the distroprefs
system.
Every YAML file may contain arbitrary documents according to the YAML
specification, and every document is treated as an entity that
can specify the treatment of a single distribution.
Filenames can be picked arbitrarily; C always reads
all files (in alphabetical order) and takes the key C (see
below in I) as a hashref containing match criteria
that determine if the current distribution matches the YAML document
or not.
=head2 Fallback Data::Dumper and Storable
If neither your configured C nor YAML.pm is installed,
CPAN.pm falls back to using Data::Dumper and Storable and looks for
files with the extensions C<.dd> or C<.st> in the C
directory. These files are expected to contain one or more hashrefs.
For Data::Dumper generated files, this is expected to be done with by
defining C<$VAR1>, C<$VAR2>, etc. The YAML shell would produce these
with the command
ysh < somefile.yml > somefile.dd
For Storable files the rule is that they must be constructed such that
C returns an array reference and the array
elements represent one distropref object each. The conversion from
YAML would look like so:
perl -MYAML=LoadFile -MStorable=nstore -e '
@y=LoadFile(shift);
nstore(\@y, shift)' somefile.yml somefile.st
In bootstrapping situations it is usually sufficient to translate only
a few YAML files to Data::Dumper for crucial modules like
C, C and C. If you prefer Storable
over Data::Dumper, remember to pull out a Storable version that writes
an older format than all the other Storable versions that will need to
read them.
=head2 Blueprint
The following example contains all supported keywords and structures
with the exception of C which can be used instead of
C.
---
comment: "Demo"
match:
module: "Dancing::Queen"
distribution: "^CHACHACHA/Dancing-"
not_distribution: "\.zip$"
perl: "/usr/local/cariba-perl/bin/perl"
perlconfig:
archname: "freebsd"
not_cc: "gcc"
env:
DANCING_FLOOR: "Shubiduh"
disabled: 1
cpanconfig:
make: gmake
pl:
args:
- "--somearg=specialcase"
env: {}
expect:
- "Which is your favorite fruit"
- "apple\n"
make:
args:
- all
- extra-all
env: {}
expect: []
commendline: "echo SKIPPING make"
test:
args: []
env: {}
expect: []
install:
args: []
env:
WANT_TO_INSTALL: YES
expect:
- "Do you really want to install"
- "y\n"
patches:
- "ABCDE/Fedcba-3.14-ABCDE-01.patch"
depends:
configure_requires:
LWP: 5.8
build_requires:
Test::Exception: 0.25
requires:
Spiffy: 0.30
=head2 Language Specs
Every YAML document represents a single hash reference. The valid keys
in this hash are as follows:
=over
=item comment [scalar]
A comment
=item cpanconfig [hash]
Temporarily override assorted C configuration variables.
Supported are: C, C,
C, C, C,
C. Please report as a bug when you need another one
supported.
=item depends [hash] *** EXPERIMENTAL FEATURE ***
All three types, namely C, C, and
C are supported in the way specified in the META.yml
specification. The current implementation I the specified
dependencies with those declared by the package maintainer. In a
future implementation this may be changed to override the original
declaration.
=item disabled [boolean]
Specifies that this distribution shall not be processed at all.
=item features [array] *** EXPERIMENTAL FEATURE ***
Experimental implementation to deal with optional_features from
META.yml. Still needs coordination with installer software and
currently works only for META.yml declaring C. Use
with caution.
=item goto [string]
The canonical name of a delegate distribution to install
instead. Useful when a new version, although it tests OK itself,
breaks something else or a developer release or a fork is already
uploaded that is better than the last released version.
=item install [hash]
Processing instructions for the C or C<./Build install>
phase of the CPAN mantra. See below under I.
=item make [hash]
Processing instructions for the C or C<./Build> phase of the
CPAN mantra. See below under I.
=item match [hash]
A hashref with one or more of the keys C, C,
C, C, and C that specify whether a document is
targeted at a specific CPAN distribution or installation.
Keys prefixed with C negates the corresponding match.
The corresponding values are interpreted as regular expressions. The
C related one will be matched against the canonical
distribution name, e.g. "AUTHOR/Foo-Bar-3.14.tar.gz".
The C related one will be matched against I modules
contained in the distribution until one module matches.
The C related one will be matched against C<$^X> (but with the
absolute path).
The value associated with C is itself a hashref that is
matched against corresponding values in the C<%Config::Config> hash
living in the C module.
Keys prefixed with C negates the corresponding match.
The value associated with C is itself a hashref that is
matched against corresponding values in the C<%ENV> hash.
Keys prefixed with C negates the corresponding match.
If more than one restriction of C, C, etc. is
specified, the results of the separately computed match values must
all match. If so, the hashref represented by the
YAML document is returned as the preference structure for the current
distribution.
=item patches [array]
An array of patches on CPAN or on the local disk to be applied in
order via an external patch program. If the value for the C<-p>
parameter is C<0> or C<1> is determined by reading the patch
beforehand. The path to each patch is either an absolute path on the
local filesystem or relative to a patch directory specified in the
C configuration variable or in the format of a canonical
distroname. For examples please consult the distroprefs/ directory in
the CPAN.pm distribution (these examples are not installed by
default).
Note: if the C program is installed and C
knows about it B a patch is written by the C program,
then C lets C apply the patch. Both C
and C are available from CPAN in the C
distribution.
=item pl [hash]
Processing instructions for the C or C phase of the CPAN mantra. See below under I.
=item test [hash]
Processing instructions for the C or C<./Build test> phase
of the CPAN mantra. See below under I.
=back
=head2 Processing Instructions
=over
=item args [array]
Arguments to be added to the command line
=item commandline
A full commandline to run via C.
During execution, the environment variable PERL is set
to $^X (but with an absolute path). If C is specified,
C is not used.
=item eexpect [hash]
Extended C. This is a hash reference with four allowed keys,
C, C, C, and C.
C may have the values C for the case where all
questions come in the order written down and C for the case
where the questions may come in any order. The default mode is
C.
C denotes a timeout in seconds. Floating-point timeouts are
OK. With C, the timeout denotes the
timeout per question; with C it denotes the
timeout per byte received from the stream or questions.
C is a reference to an array that contains alternating questions
and answers. Questions are regular expressions and answers are literal
strings. The Expect module watches the stream from the
execution of the external program (C, C, C, etc.).
For C, the CPAN.pm injects the
corresponding answer as soon as the stream matches the regular expression.
For C CPAN.pm answers a question as soon
as the timeout is reached for the next byte in the input stream. In
this mode you can use the C parameter to decide what will
happen with a question-answer pair after it has been used. In the
default case (reuse=0) it is removed from the array, avoiding being
used again accidentally. If you want to answer the
question C several times, then it must
be included in the array at least as often as you want this answer to
be given. Setting the parameter C to 1 makes this repetition
unnecessary.
=item env [hash]
Environment variables to be set during the command
=item expect [array]
C<< expect: >> is a short notation for
eexpect:
mode: deterministic
timeout: 15
talk:
=back
=head2 Schema verification with C
If you have the C module installed (which is part of the
Bundle::CPANxxl), then all your distroprefs files are checked for
syntactic correctness.
=head2 Example Distroprefs Files
C comes with a collection of example YAML files. Note that these
are really just examples and should not be used without care because
they cannot fit everybody's purpose. After all, the authors of the
packages that ask questions had a need to ask, so you should watch
their questions and adjust the examples to your environment and your
needs. You have been warned:-)
=head1 PROGRAMMER'S INTERFACE
If you do not enter the shell, shell commands are
available both as methods (Cinstall(...)>) and as
functions in the calling package (C). Before calling low-level
commands, it makes sense to initialize components of CPAN you need, e.g.:
CPAN::HandleConfig->load;
CPAN::Shell::setup_output;
CPAN::Index->reload;
High-level commands do such initializations automatically.
There's currently only one class that has a stable interface -
CPAN::Shell. All commands that are available in the CPAN shell are
methods of the class CPAN::Shell. Each of the commands that produce
listings of modules (C, C