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<?php /** * Equation Operating System Classes. * * This class was created for the safe parsing of mathematical equations * in PHP. There is a need for a way to successfully parse equations * in PHP that do NOT require the use of `eval`. `eval` at its core * opens the system using it to so many security vulnerabilities it is oft * suggested /never/ to use it, and for good reason. This class set will * successfully take an equation, parse it, and provide solutions to the * developer. It is a safe way to evaluate expressions without putting * the system at risk. * * 2013/04 UPDATE: * - Moved to native class functions for PHP5 * - Removed deprecated `eregi` calls to `preg_match` * - Updated to PHPDoc comment syntax * - Added Exception throwing instead of silent exits * - Added additional variable prefix of '$', '&' is still allowed as well * - Fixed small implied multiplication problem * * TODO: * - Add factorial support. (ie 5! = 120) * * @author Jon Lawrence <jlawrence11@gmail.com> * @copyright Copyright ©2005-2013, Jon Lawrence * @license http://opensource.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1 LGPL 2.1 License * @package EOS * @version 2.0 */
//The following are defines for thrown exceptions
/** * No matching Open/Close pair */ define('EQEOS_E_NO_SET', 5500); /** * Division by 0 */ define('EQEOS_E_DIV_ZERO', 5501); /** * No Equation */ define('EQEOS_E_NO_EQ', 5502); /** * No variable replacement available */ define('EQEOS_E_NO_VAR', 5503);
if(!defined('DEBUG')) define('DEBUG', false);
//We use a stack class so we don't have to keep track of indices for an array // May eventually update to use `array_pop()` `end()` and `array_push()` instead // of this class. require_once "stack.class.php";
/** * Equation Operating System (EOS) Parser * * An EOS that can safely parse equations from unknown sources returning * the calculated value of it. Can also handle solving equations with * variables, if the variables are defined (useful for the Graph creation * that the second and extended class in this file provides. {@see eqGraph}) * This class was created for PHP4 in 2005, updated to fully PHP5 in 2013. * * @author Jon Lawrence <jlawrence11@gmail.com> * @copyright Copyright ©2005-2013, Jon Lawrence * @license http://opensource.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1 LGPL 2.1 License * @package Math * @subpackage EOS * @version 2.0 */ class eqEOS { /**#@+ *Private variables */ private $postFix; private $inFix; /**#@-*/ /**#@+ * Protected variables */ //What are opening and closing selectors protected $SEP = array('open' => array('(', '['), 'close' => array(')', ']')); //Top presedence following operator - not in use protected $SGL = array('!'); //Order of operations arrays follow protected $ST = array('^'); protected $ST1 = array('/', '*', '%'); protected $ST2 = array('+', '-'); //Allowed functions protected $FNC = array('sin', 'cos', 'tan', 'csc', 'sec', 'cot'); /**#@-*/ /** * Construct method * * Will initiate the class. If variable given, will assign to * internal variable to solve with this::solveIF() without needing * additional input. Initializing with a variable is not suggested. * * @see eqEOS::solveIF() * @param String $inFix Standard format equation */ public function __construct($inFix = null) { $this->inFix = (isset($inFix)) ? $inFix : null; $this->postFix = array(); } /** * Check Infix for opening closing pair matches. * * This function is meant to solely check to make sure every opening * statement has a matching closing one, and throws an exception if * it doesn't. * * @param String $infix Equation to check * @throws Exception if malformed. * @return Bool true if passes - throws an exception if not. */ private function checkInfix($infix) { if(trim($infix) == "") { throw new Exception("No Equation given", EQEOS_E_NO_EQ); return false; } //Make sure we have the same number of '(' as we do ')' // and the same # of '[' as we do ']' if(substr_count($infix, '(') != substr_count($infix, ')')) { throw new Exception("Mismatched parenthesis in '{$infix}'", EQEOS_E_NO_SET); return false; } elseif(substr_count($infix, '[') != substr_count($infix, ']')) { throw new Exception("Mismatched brackets in '{$infix}'", EQEOS_E_NO_SET); return false; } $this->inFix = $infix; return true; }
/** * Infix to Postfix * * Converts an infix (standard) equation to postfix (RPN) notation. * Sets the internal variable $this->postFix for the eqEOS::solvePF() * function to use. * * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infix_notation Infix Notation * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation Reverse Polish Notation * @param String $infix A standard notation equation * @return Array Fully formed RPN Stack */ public function in2post($infix = null) { // if an equation was not passed, use the one that was passed in the constructor $infix = (isset($infix)) ? $infix : $this->inFix; //check to make sure 'valid' equation $this->checkInfix($infix); $pf = array(); $ops = new phpStack(); $vars = new phpStack();
// remove all white-space preg_replace("/\s/", "", $infix);
// Create postfix array index $pfIndex = 0;
//what was the last character? (useful for decerning between a sign for negation and subtraction) $lChar = '';
//loop through all the characters and start doing stuff ^^ for($i=0;$i<strlen($infix);$i++) { // pull out 1 character from the string $chr = substr($infix, $i, 1); // if the character is numerical if(preg_match('/[0-9.]/i', $chr)) { // if the previous character was not a '-' or a number if((!preg_match('/[0-9.]/i', $lChar) && ($lChar != "")) && (@$pf[$pfIndex]!="-")) $pfIndex++; // increase the index so as not to overlap anything // Add the number character to the array @$pf[$pfIndex] .= $chr; } // If the character opens a set e.g. '(' or '[' elseif(in_array($chr, $this->SEP['open'])) { // if the last character was a number, place an assumed '*' on the stack if(preg_match('/[0-9.]/i', $lChar)) $ops->push('*');
$ops->push($chr); } // if the character closes a set e.g. ')' or ']' elseif(in_array($chr, $this->SEP['close'])) { // find what set it was i.e. matches ')' with '(' or ']' with '[' $key = array_search($chr, $this->SEP['close']); // while the operator on the stack isn't the matching pair...pop it off while($ops->peek() != $this->SEP['open'][$key]) { $nchr = $ops->pop(); if($nchr) $pf[++$pfIndex] = $nchr; else { throw new Exception("Error while searching for '". $this->SEP['open'][$key] ."' in '{$infix}'.", EQEOS_E_NO_SET); return false; } } $ops->pop(); } // If a special operator that has precedence over everything else elseif(in_array($chr, $this->ST)) { $ops->push($chr); $pfIndex++; } // Any other operator other than '+' and '-' elseif(in_array($chr, $this->ST1)) { while(in_array($ops->peek(), $this->ST1) || in_array($ops->peek(), $this->ST)) $pf[++$pfIndex] = $ops->pop();
$ops->push($chr); $pfIndex++; } // if a '+' or '-' elseif(in_array($chr, $this->ST2)) { // if it is a '-' and the character before it was an operator or nothingness (e.g. it negates a number) if((in_array($lChar, array_merge($this->ST1, $this->ST2, $this->ST, $this->SEP['open'])) || $lChar=="") && $chr=="-") { // increase the index because there is no reason that it shouldn't.. $pfIndex++; $pf[$pfIndex] = $chr; } // Otherwise it will function like a normal operator else { while(in_array($ops->peek(), array_merge($this->ST1, $this->ST2, $this->ST))) $pf[++$pfIndex] = $ops->pop(); $ops->push($chr); $pfIndex++; } } // make sure we record this character to be refered to by the next one $lChar = $chr; } // if there is anything on the stack after we are done...add it to the back of the RPN array while(($tmp = $ops->pop()) !== false) $pf[++$pfIndex] = $tmp;
// re-index the array at 0 $pf = array_values($pf); // set the private variable for later use if needed $this->postFix = $pf;
// return the RPN array in case developer wants to use it fro some insane reason (bug testing ;] return $pf; } //end function in2post
/** * Solve Postfix (RPN) * * This function will solve a RPN array. Default action is to solve * the RPN array stored in the class from eqEOS::in2post(), can take * an array input to solve as well, though default action is prefered. * * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation Postix Notation * @param Array $pfArray RPN formatted array. Optional. * @return Float Result of the operation. */ public function solvePF($pfArray = null) { // if no RPN array is passed - use the one stored in the private var $pf = (!is_array($pfArray)) ? $this->postFix : $pfArray; // create our temporary function variables $temp = array(); $tot = 0; $hold = 0;
// Loop through each number/operator for($i=0;$i<count($pf); $i++) { // If the string isn't an operator, add it to the temp var as a holding place if(!in_array($pf[$i], array_merge($this->ST, $this->ST1, $this->ST2))) { $temp[$hold++] = $pf[$i]; } // ...Otherwise perform the operator on the last two numbers else { switch ($pf[$i]) { case '+': @$temp[$hold-2] = $temp[$hold-2] + $temp[$hold-1]; break; case '-': @$temp[$hold-2] = $temp[$hold-2] - $temp[$hold-1]; break; case '*': @$temp[$hold-2] = $temp[$hold-2] * $temp[$hold-1]; break; case '/': if($temp[$hold-1] == 0) { throw new Exception("Division by 0 on: '{$temp[$hold-2]} / {$temp[$hold-1]}' in {$this->inFix}", EQEOS_E_DIV_ZERO); return false; } @$temp[$hold-2] = $temp[$hold-2] / $temp[$hold-1]; break; case '^': @$temp[$hold-2] = pow($temp[$hold-2], $temp[$hold-1]); break; case '%': if($temp[$hold-1] == 0) { throw new Exception("Division by 0 on: '{$temp[$hold-2]} % {$temp[$hold-1]}' in {$this->inFix}", EQEOS_E_DIV_ZERO); return false; } @$temp[$hold-2] = bcmod($temp[$hold-2], $temp[$hold-1]); break; } // Decrease the hold var to one above where the last number is $hold = $hold-1; } } // return the last number in the array return $temp[$hold-1];
} //end function solvePF
/** * Solve Infix (Standard) Notation Equation * * Will take a standard equation with optional variables and solve it. Variables * must begin with '&' will expand to allow variables to begin with '$' (TODO) * The variable array must be in the format of 'variable' => value. If * variable array is scalar (ie 5), all variables will be replaced with it. * * @param String $infix Standard Equation to solve * @param String|Array $vArray Variable replacement * @return Float Solved equation */ function solveIF($infix, $vArray = null) { $infix = ($infix != "") ? $infix : $this->inFix; //Check to make sure a 'valid' expression $this->checkInfix($infix);
$ops = new phpStack(); $vars = new phpStack();
//remove all white-space preg_replace("/\s/", "", $infix); if(DEBUG) $hand=fopen("eq.txt","a");
//Find all the variables that were passed and replaces them while((preg_match('/(.){0,1}[&$]([a-zA-Z]+)(.){0,1}/', $infix, $match)) != 0) {
//remove notices by defining if undefined. if(!isset($match[3])) { $match[3] = ""; }
if(DEBUG) fwrite($hand, "{$match[1]} || {$match[3]}\n"); // Ensure that the variable has an operator or something of that sort in front and back - if it doesn't, add an implied '*' if((!in_array($match[1], array_merge($this->ST, $this->ST1, $this->ST2, $this->SEP['open'])) && $match[1] != "") || is_numeric($match[1])) //$this->SEP['close'] removed $front = "*"; else $front = "";
if((!in_array($match[3], array_merge($this->ST, $this->ST1, $this->ST2, $this->SEP['close'])) && $match[3] != "") || is_numeric($match[3])) //$this->SEP['open'] removed $back = "*"; else $back = ""; //Make sure that the variable does have a replacement if(!isset($vArray[$match[2]]) && (!is_array($vArray != "") && !is_numeric($vArray))) { throw new Exception("Variable replacement does not exist for '". substr($match[0], 1, -1) ."' in {$this->inFix}", EQEOS_E_NO_VAR); return false; } elseif(!isset($vArray[$match[2]]) && (!is_array($vArray != "") && is_numeric($vArray))) { $infix = str_replace($match[0], $match[1] . $front. $vArray. $back . $match[3], $infix); } elseif(isset($vArray[$match[2]])) { $infix = str_replace($match[0], $match[1] . $front. $vArray[$match[2]]. $back . $match[3], $infix); } }
if(DEBUG) fwrite($hand, "$infix\n");
// Finds all the 'functions' within the equation and calculates them // NOTE - when using function, only 1 set of paranthesis will be found, instead use brackets for sets within functions!! while((preg_match("/(". implode("|", $this->FNC) . ")\(([^\)\(]*(\([^\)]*\)[^\(\)]*)*[^\)\(]*)\)/", $infix, $match)) != 0) { $func = $this->solveIF($match[2]); switch($match[1]) { case "cos": $ans = cos($func); break; case "sin": $ans = sin($func); break; case "tan": $ans = tan($func); break; case "sec": $tmp = cos($func); if($tmp == 0) { throw new Exception("Division by 0 on: 'sec({$func}) = 1/cos({$func})' in {$this->inFix}", EQEOS_E_DIV_ZERO); return false; } $ans = 1/$tmp; break; case "csc": $tmp = sin($func); if($tmp == 0) { throw new Exception("Division by 0 on: 'csc({$func}) = 1/sin({$func})' in {$this->inFix}", EQEOS_E_DIV_ZERO); return false; } $ans = 1/$tmp; break; case "cot": $tmp = tan($func); if($tmp == 0) { throw new Exception("Division by 0 on: 'cot({$func}) = 1/tan({$func})' in {$this->inFix}", EQEOS_E_DIV_ZERO); return false; } $ans = 1/$tmp; break; default: break; } $infix = str_replace($match[0], $ans, $infix); } if(DEBUG) fclose($hand); return $this->solvePF($this->in2post($infix));
} //end function solveIF } //end class 'eqEOS'
// fun class that requires the GD libraries to give visual output to the user /* extends the eqEOS class so that it doesn't need to create it as a private var - and it extends the functionality of that class */ /** * Equation Graph * * Fun class that requires the GD libraries to give visual output of an * equation to the user. Extends the eqEOS class. * * @author Jon Lawrence <jlawrence11@gmail.com> * @copyright Copyright ©2005-2013 Jon Lawrence * @license http://opensource.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1 LGPL 2.1 License * @package Math * @subpackage EOS * @version 2.0 */ class eqGraph extends eqEOS { private $width; private $height; //GD Image reference private $image;
/** * Constructor * * Sets up the Graph class with an image width and height defaults to * 640x480 * * @param Integer $width Image width * @param Integer $height Image height */ public function __construct($width=640, $height=480) { // default width and height equal to that of a poor monitor (in early 2000s) $this->width = $width; $this->height = $height; //initialize main class variables parent::__construct(); } //end function eqGraph
/** * Create GD Graph Image * * Creates a GD image based on the equation given with the parameters that are set * * @param String $eq Equation to use. Needs variable in equation to create graph, all variables are interpreted as 'x' * @param Integer $xLow Lower x-bound for graph * @param Integer $xHigh Upper x-bound for graph * @param Float $xStep Stepping points while solving, the lower, the better precision. Slow if lower than .01 * @param Boolean $xyGrid Draw gridlines? * @param Boolean $yGuess Guess the upper/lower yBounds? * @param Integer $yLow Lower y-bound * @param Integer $yHigh Upper y-bound * @return Null */ public function graph($eq, $xLow, $xHigh, $xStep, $xyGrid = false, $yGuess = true, $yLow=false, $yHigh=false) { //create our image and allocate the two colors $img = ImageCreate($this->width, $this->height); $white = ImageColorAllocate($img, 255, 255, 255); $black = ImageColorAllocate($img, 0, 0, 0); $grey = ImageColorAllocate($img, 220, 220, 220); $xStep = abs($xStep); //DEVELOPER, UNCOMMENT NEXT LINE IF WANTING TO PREVENT SLOW GRAPHS //$xStep = ($xStep > .01) ? $xStep : 0.01; if($xLow > $xHigh) list($xLow, $xHigh) = array($xHigh, $xLow); //swap function $xScale = $this->width/($xHigh-$xLow); $counter = 0; if(DEBUG) { $hand=fopen("eqgraph.txt","w"); fwrite($hand, "$eq\n"); } for($i=$xLow;$i<=$xHigh;$i+=$xStep) { $tester = sprintf("%10.3f",$i); if($tester == "-0.000") $i = 0; $y = $this->solveIF($eq, $i); //eval('$y='. str_replace('&x', $i, $eq).";"); /* used to debug my eqEOS class results */ if(DEBUG) { $tmp1 = sprintf("y(%5.3f) = %10.3f\n", $i, $y); fwrite($hand, $tmp1); }
// If developer asked us to find the upper and lower bounds for y... if($yGuess==true) { $yLow = ($yLow===false || ($y<$yLow)) ? $y : $yLow; $yHigh = ($yHigh===false || $y>$yHigh) ? $y : $yHigh; } $xVars[$counter] = $y; $counter++; } if(DEBUG) fclose($hand); // add 0.01 to each side so that if y is from 1 to 5, the lines at 1 and 5 are seen $yLow-=0.01;$yHigh+=0.01;
//Now that we have all the variables stored...find the yScale $yScale = $this->height/(($yHigh)-($yLow));
// if developer wanted a grid on the graph, add it now if($xyGrid==true) { for($i=ceil($yLow);$i<=floor($yHigh);$i++) { $i0 = abs($yHigh-$i); ImageLine($img, 0, $i0*$yScale, $this->width, $i0*$yScale, $grey); } for($i=ceil($xLow);$i<=floor($xHigh);$i++) { $i0 = abs($xLow-$i); ImageLine($img, $i0*$xScale, 0, $i0*$xScale, $this->height, $grey); } } //Now that we have the scales, let's see if we can draw an x/y-axis if($xLow <= 0 && $xHigh >= 0) { //the y-axis is within our range - draw it. $x0 = abs($xLow)*$xScale; ImageLine($img, $x0, 0, $x0, $this->height, $black); for($i=ceil($yLow);$i<=floor($yHigh);$i++) { $i0 = abs($yHigh-$i); ImageLine($img, $x0-3, $i0*$yScale, $x0+3, $i0*$yScale, $black); } } if($yLow <= 0 && $yHigh >= 0) { //the x-axis is within our range - draw it. $y0 = abs($yHigh)*$yScale; ImageLine($img, 0, $y0, $this->width, $y0, $black); for($i=ceil($xLow);$i<=floor($xHigh);$i++) { $i0 = abs($xLow-$i); ImageLine($img, $i0*$xScale, $y0-3, $i0*$xScale, $y0+3, $black); } } $counter=2;
//now graph it all ;] for($i=$xLow+$xStep;$i<=$xHigh;$i+=$xStep) { $x1 = (abs($xLow - ($i - $xStep)))*$xScale; $y1 = (($xVars[$counter-1]<$yLow) || ($xVars[$counter-1] > $yHigh)) ? -1 : (abs($yHigh - $xVars[$counter-1]))*$yScale; $x2 = (abs($xLow - $i))*$xScale; $y2 = (($xVars[$counter]<$yLow) || ($xVars[$counter] > $yHigh)) ? -1 : (abs($yHigh - $xVars[$counter]))*$yScale; // if any of the y values were found to be off of the y-bounds, don't graph those connecting lines if($y1!=-1 && $y2!=-1) ImageLine($img, $x1, $y1, $x2, $y2, $black); $counter++; } $this->image = $img; } //end function 'graph'
/** * Sends JPG to browser * * Sends a JPG image with proper header to output */ public function outJPG() { header("Content-type: image/jpeg"); ImageJpeg($this->image); }
/** * Sends PNG to browser * * Sends a PNG image with proper header to output */ function outPNG() { header("Content-type: image/png"); ImagePng($this->image); } /** * Output GD Image * * Will give the developer the GD resource for the graph that * can be used to store the graph to the FS or other media * * @return Resource GD Image Resource */ public function getImage() { return $this->image; } /** * Output GD Image * * Alias for eqGraph::getImage() * * @return Resource GD Image resource */ public function outGD() { return $this->getImage(); } } //end class 'eqGraph' ?>
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